Preface Chapter 1: Functional Materials Preparation and Luminescence of Novel O-Phenanthroline-Acyl Amino Acid Rare Earth Praseodymium Complexes Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometers with Varying Path Lengths Liquid Phase Exfoliation of MoS2 Nanosheets in Aqueous IPA Surface Properties of the Mechanical Exfoliated MoS2 few Layers Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Aerogel by Freeze-Drying Method Characterization of Low- and High-Calcium Pond Ashes and their Applicability for the Preparation of Alkali-Activated Pastes Chapter 2: Computational Investigations The Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Formalism of the Double Excited States of the Helium Atom Direct Determination of the Photoelectron Momentum Distribution from the Wave Function Direct Determination of the Fully Differential Cross Section by the Time-Dependent Wave Function First-Principles Study of Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Trans-4-(Trifluoromethyl) Cinnamic Acid Modeling of Sound Propagation in Liquid Medium Depending on the Size of Air Bubbles Chapter 3: Advanced Methods of Materials Investigation and Detection Study of Metal-Fullerene Films by Spectral Methods Ab-Initio and Experimental Investigations of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Neodymium-Doped Lithium Yttrium Fluoride (Nd:LiYF4) Detection of Hepatitis D Virus in Human Blood Serum Using Surface Plasmon Resonance in Gold Film Chapter 4: Design and Research of Machines and Technologies Research on the Process of Peeling Buckwheat Grain on Roller Equipment with New Design Decks Determining the Heat Content of Mongolian Rock Minerals: A Study of the Potential Use in Heat Storage Technology.