About the Authors ix Foreword xi List of Abbreviations xiii Section A: Basic concepts A. 1 How to use this book 3 A. 2 Basic concepts in the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases 4 A. 3 Basic concepts in the prevention of infection 9 A. 4 Emergency risk communication 13 A. 5 Health protection on call 15 Section B: Syndromes B. 1 Meningitis and meningism 23 B. 2 Gastrointestinal infection 26 B.

3 Community- acquired pneumonia 32 B. 4 Rash in pregnancy 35 B. 5 Rash and fever in children 36 B. 6 Illness in returning travellers 38 B. 7 Jaundice 40 B. 8 Infection in the immunocompromised 41 Laboratory diagnosis 42 Prevention and control 43 Section C: Diseases C. 1 Amoebic dysentery 47 C. 2 Anthrax 48 C.

3 Bacillus cereus 51 C. 4 Botulism 52 C. 5 Brucellosis 56 C. 6 Campylobacter 58 C. 7 Chickenpox and shingles (varicella zoster infections) 62 C. 8 Chikungunya 64 C. 9 Chlamydophila pneumoniae 66 C. 10 Chlamydia trachomatis 67 C.

11 Cholera 69 C. 12 CJD and other human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies 71 C. 13 Clostridioides difficile 74 C. 14 Clostridium perfringens 76 C. 15 Coronavirus (excluding COVID- 19) 78 C. 16 Covid- 19 81 C. 17 Cryptosporidiosis 84 C. 18 Cyclosporiasis 88 C.

19 Cytomegalovirus 89 C. 20 Dengue fever 91 C. 21 Diphtheria 92 C. 22 Enterococci including glycopeptide- resistant enterococci 95 C. 23 Enterovirus infections (including hand foot and mouth disease) 96 C. 24 Epstein-Barr virus 98 C. 25 Giardiasis 100 C. 26 Gram- negative bacteraemia (including carbapenem- resistant enterobacterales) 102 C.

27 Gonorrhoea syphilis and other acute STIs 107 C. 28 Hantavirus 113 C. 29 Head lice 114 C. 30 Helicobacter pylori 116 C. 31 Hepatitis A 117 C. 32 Hepatitis B 120 C. 33 Hepatitis C 123 C. 34 Delta hepatitis 125 C.

35 Hepatitis E 126 C. 36 Herpes simplex 127 C. 37 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 129 C. 38 HIV and AIDS 131 C. 39 Influenza 136 C. 40 Japanese B encephalitis 141 C. 41 Legionellosis 141 C. 42 Leprosy 145 C.

43 Leptospirosis 146 C. 44 Listeriosis 148 C. 45 Lyme disease (borreliosis) 150 C. 46 Malaria 152 C. 47 Measles 154 C. 48 Meningococcal infection 156 C. 49 Meticillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) 160 C. 50 Mumps 163 C.

51 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 165 C. 52 Norovirus 166 C. 53 Paratyphoid fever 169 C. 54 Parvovirus B19 (fifth disease) 172 C. 55 Plague 173 C. 56 Pneumococcal infection 175 C. 57 Poliomyelitis 178 C. 58 Psittacosis 180 C.

59 Q fever 182 C. 60 Rabies 184 C. 61 Relapsing Fever 186 C. 62 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 187 C. 63 Ringworm 189 C. 64 Rotavirus 193 C. 65 Rubella 194 C. 66 Salmonellosis 196 C.

67 Scabies 199 C. 68 Schistosomiasis 202 C. 69 Shigellosis 204 C. 70 Shiga Toxin- Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Other Diarrhoeagenic E. coli 207 C. 71 Smallpox and mpox 212 C. 72 Staphylococcal food poisoning 217 C. 73 Streptococcal infections 218 C.

74 Tetanus 220 C. 75 Threadworms 222 C. 76 Tickborne encephalitis 223 C. 77 Toxocariasis 224 C. 78 Toxoplasmosis 225 C. 79 Tuberculosis (and non- tuberculous mycobacteria) 227 C. 80 Tularaemia 235 C. 81 Typhoid fever 237 C.

82 Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection 239 C. 83 Viral haemorrhagic fevers including Ebola 241 C. 84 Warts and verrucae 244 C. 85 West Nile virus 246 C. 86 Whooping cough 247 C. 87 Yellow fever 250 C. 88 Yersiniosis 251 C. 89 Zika virus infection 253 C.

90 Rare diseases 256 C.90.1 Bacteria 256 C.90.2 Rickettsial infections (incl. Typhus) Ehrlichia and Bartonella 256 C.90.3 Viruses 263 C.

90.4 Protozoa 263 C.90.5 Helminths 263 C.90.6 Fungi and actinomycetes 271 C.90.7 Bites stings and venoms 282 C.

90.8 Chemical foodborne illness 283 Section D: Health protection services and functions D. 1 Surveillance of communicable disease 287 D. 2 Managing infectious disease incidents and outbreaks 293 D. 3 Community infection control 299 D. 4 Hospital infection control 304 D. 5 Antimicrobial stewardship 309 D. 6 Risks to and from healthcare workers 312 D.

7 Immunisation services 316 D. 8 Coordination of sexual health services 320 D. 9 Prevention of bloodborne viral infections 322 D. 10 Coordination of services for tuberculosis control 326 D. 11 Travel health 328 D. 12 Migrant and refugee health 331 D. 13 Emergency preparedness planning and response 334 D. 14 Non- infectious environmental hazards 336 D.

15 Managing acute chemical incidents 342 D. 16 Managing acute radiation incidents 345 D. 17 Deliberate release of biological chemical or radiological hazards 348 D. 18 Clinical governance and audit 356 D. 19 Global health security 359 Section E: Organizational arrangements E. 1 WHO and International Health Regulations 365 E. 2 Collaboration within the European Union 367 E. 3 Detailed national example: Organisational arrangements for health protection England 2025 369 E.

4 Austria 374 E. 5 Belgium 375 E. 6 Bulgaria 375 E. 7 Croatia 376 E. 8 Cyprus 377 E. 9 Czech Republic 377 E. 10 Denmark 378 E. 11 Estonia 379 E.

12 Finland 379 E. 13 France 380 E. 14 Germany 381 E. 15 Greece 382 E. 16 Hungary 382 E. 17 Iceland 383 E. 18 Ireland 384 E. 19 Italy 385 E.

20 Latvia 385 E. 21 Lithuania 386 E. 22 Luxembourg 387 E. 23 Malta 388 E. 24 The Netherlands 388 E. 25 Norway 389 E. 26 Poland 390 E. 27 Portugal 391 E.

28 Romania 391 E. 29 Slovakia 392 E. 30 Slovenia 393 E. 31 Spain 394 E. 32 Sweden 395 E. 33 Switzerland 395 E. 34 United Kingdom 396 Index 399.