Preface Exposure Technique Factors Laboratory Equipment and Materials UNIT I: Creating the Beam Worksheet 1-1 Basic Mathematics Review Worksheet 1-2 Units of Measurement Worksheet 2-1 Basic Atomic Theory Worksheet 2-2 Electromagnetic Radiation Laboratory 3-1 Laws of Electrostatics and Electrodynamics Laboratory 3-2 Ohm''s Law and Resistance Laboratory 4-1 Laws of Magnetism and Magnetic Induction Laboratory 4-2 Electromagnetic Induction Worksheet 4-3 Generators, Motors, and Alternating and Direct Current Worksheet 4-4 Transformers, Autotransformers, and Capacitors Worksheet 4-5 Rectification Worksheet 5-1 X-Ray Tubes Worksheet 5-2 Rating Charts and Cooling Charts Worksheet 6-1 A Basic X-Ray Circuit Worksheet 7-1 X-Ray Production UNIT II: Protecting Patients and Personnel Laboratory 8-1 Using Dosimetry Equipment Worksheet 8-2 Units and Measurements Used in Radiation Protection Laboratory 9-1 Basic Radiation Protection, Detection, and Measurement Laboratory 9-2 The Effect of Rotating the Collimator for a Hip Projection on Patient Dose Laboratory 10-1 Half-Value Layer Determination Laboratory 10-2 Effects of Filtration Worksheet 11-1 Calculating Prime Factors Laboratory 11-2 Effect of mAs, kVp, and SID on X-Ray Emission Worksheet 12-1 X-Ray Interactions Laboratory 13-1 Estimating Patient Entrance Skin Exposure Laboratory 14-1 Beam Restriction UNIT III: Creating the Image Laboratory 15-1 Thinking Three-Dimensionally Laboratory 16-1 Effect of Subject on Attenuation and Scatter Laboratory 16-2 The Effect of Pathology on Image Quality Laboratory 17-1 Grid Comparisons and Conversions Laboratory 17-2 Grid Errors Laboratory 17-3 The Moire Effect When Utilizing Computed Radiographic Systems Laboratory 18-1 Determining and Controlling AEC Configurations Laboratory 18-2 The Effect of Positioning on Automatic Exposure Control Laboratory 18-3 The Effect of Collimation on Automatic Exposure Control Worksheet 19-1 Digital Imaging Formation and Processing Worksheet 19-2 Digital Matrix Laboratory 19-3 Digital Image Post-Processing and Manipulation Laboratory 19-4 Manipulating Window Level and Window Width Laboratory 19-5 The Effect of Cropping to Replace Collimation Laboratory 19-6 The Effect of Detector Saturation and Quantum Noise on Image Quality Worksheet 20-1 Computed Radiography (CR) Image Acquisition Laboratory 20-2 CR/DR Exposure Factor Selection Laboratory 20-3 Computed Radiography/Digital Radiography Processing Errors Worksheet 20-4 Digital Radiography (DR) Image Acquisition Laboratory 20-5 Establishing a Technique Chart Worksheet 20-6 Exposure Indicator Values Worksheet 20-7 Deviation Index Values Worksheet 21-1 Display Monitor Characteristics Worksheet 22-1 Informatics in Medical Imaging Worksheet 23-1 Artificial Intelligence UNIT IV: Analyzing the Image Laboratory 24-1 Evaluating Acceptance Limits Laboratory 25-1 The Effect of mAs on IR Exposure Laboratory 25-2 The Effect of kVp on IR Exposure-The 15 Percent Rule Laboratory 25-3 Determining Adequate Penetration Laboratory 25-4 The Effect of Distance on IR Exposure-The Exposure Maintenance Formula Laboratory 25-5 The Effect of Tissue Density and Subject Contrast on IR Exposure Worksheet 25-6 Image Receptor Exposure Analysis Laboratory 26-1 The Effect of kVp on Image Contrast Laboratory 26-2 The Effect of Subject Contrast and Tissue Density on Image Contrast Laboratory 26-3 The Effect of Grids on Image Contrast Worksheet 26-4 Image Contrast Analysis Worksheet 27-1 The Geometric Properties Math Problems Laboratory 27-2 The Effect of Distance on Spatial Resolution Laboratory 27-3 The Effect of Focal Spot Size on Spatial Resolution Laboratory 27-4 The Effect of Motion on Spatial Resolution Worksheet 27-5 Image Resolution Analysis Laboratory 28-1 The Effect of Distance on Size Distortion Laboratory 28-2 The Effect of Alignment, Centering, and Angulation on Shape Distortion Laboratory 28-3 The Effect of Cropping One Projection to Replace Another on Shape Distortion Laboratory 28-4 Effect of Improper Anatomical Part Alignment on Shape Distortion Worksheet 28-5 Distortion Analysis Laboratory 29-1 Image Critique: Assessing Image Receptor Exposure, Contrast, Spatial Resolution, and Distortion Laboratory 30-1 Estimating Focal Spot Size Laboratory 30-2 Evaluating Collimator, Central Ray, and Bucky Tray Alignment Laboratory 30-3 Evaluating Distance, Centering, and Angulator Accuracy Laboratory 30-4 Evaluating Kilovoltage Accuracy Laboratory 30-5 Evaluating Exposure Reproducibility, mA Linearity, and mR/mAs Laboratory 30-6 Rejected-Image Studies UNIT V: Special Imaging Systems and Modalities Laboratory 31-1 The Effect of Alignment and Distance on Mobile Radiographic Image Quality Laboratory 32-1 Fluoroscopic Automatic Brightness Controls Worksheet 33-1 Tomography and Digital Tomosynthesis Worksheet 34-1 Mammography Equipment Worksheet 35-1 Bone Densitometry Worksheet 36-1 Vascular Imaging Equipment Worksheet 37-1 Computed Tomography Worksheet 38-1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory 38-2 Evaluating Magnetic Resonance Images Worksheet 39-1 Nuclear Medicine Equipment Laboratory 39-2 Evaluating Nuclear Medicine Images Worksheet 40-1 Radiation Therapy Worksheet 41-1 Ultrasound Image Studies Worksheet 41-2 Doppler Image Studies.