Foreword xv Preface xvi List of Contributors xix 1 Demography of Aging and Frailty, and the Epidemiology of Oral Conditions 1 W. Murray Thomson, Moira B. Smith, Fernando Neves Hugo, and Philippe Mojon Demography of Aging and Frailty 1 Epidemiology of Oral Conditions in Older People 5 Conclusion 10 References 10 2 Challenges with Noncommunicable Diseases and Frailty 16 Michael I. MacEntee, Paul Allison, Denise Laronde, and Bruce Wallace Noncommunicable Disease 16 Frailty 18 Noncommunicable Diseases of the Mouth 19 Risks for Noncommunicable Diseases of the Mouth 25 Social Determinants 27 Conclusion 28 References 28 3 Theoretical Perspectives on Frailty, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, and Well-Being in Old Age 37 Michael I. MacEntee, Dominique Niesten, Mario A. Brondani, and Maha M. Al-Sahan Health 38 Oral Health 40 Frailty 43 Oral Frailty 44 Managing Ill-Health and Frailty 45 A Clinical Scenario 46 Conclusion 47 References 47 4 Communities and Frail Elders 54 C. Peter Owen, Michael I.
MacEntee, Rodrigo Marino, Victor Minichiello, and Gladys Meriting Thokoane What Is a Community? 54 Culture and Ethnicity 55 Barriers to Equitable Healthcare 57 Equitable Healthcare and Cultural Competence 60 Conclusion 63 References 63 5 Oral Healthcare Policy, Equity, Economics, and Political Action for Aging Populations 68 F.A. Clive Wright, Michael I. MacEntee, Joke Duyck, Moira B. Smith, Bruce Wallace, and C. Peter Owen Purpose of Policy 68 Categories of Public Health Policy 69 Forming Health Policy 70 Equality and Equity 71 Adopting Health Policy 72 Global Strategy on Oral Health 76 Conclusion 79 References 80 6 The Influence of the Mouth and Mouthcare on the Body-Image and Social Interactions of Frail Elders 87 Leeann Donnelly, Laura Hurd, Alison Phinney, and Michael I. MacEntee Body-Image and Oral Health 87 Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Depression 88 Clinical Script 90 Conclusion 92 References 92 7 Ethical and Moral Considerations for Oral Healthcare of Frail Elders 96 Michael I. MacEntee, Mario A.
Brondani, Nico Creugers, Shafik Dharamsi, and Mary E. McNally Healthcare Ethics 96 Frailty 97 Ethical Theory and Principles in Healthcare 97 Patient-Centered Care, Care Ethics, Narrative Ethics, and Feminism 98 Elder Abuse 102 An Ethical Framework 104 Clinical Context 105 Clinical Scripts 106 References 109 8 Educating a Workforce for Dental Geriatrics 115 Matana Kettratad- Pruksapong, Shiva Khatami, Linda Slack- Smith, Jirakate Madiloggovit- Lower, Leonardo Marchini, C. Peter Owen, and Michael I. MacEntee Teaching and Learning Dental Geriatrics 115 Exposure to Frailty 116 Postgraduate Education 116 Cultivating Clinical Reasoning 116 Promoting Compassion 118 Healthcare-Teams 119 Conclusion 120 References 120 9 Chronic Orofacial Pain and Movement Disorders in Old Age and Frailty 125 Pierre J. Blanchet, Limor Avivi-Arber, Barry J. Sessle, and Gilles J. Lavigne Assessing Pain 125 Age-Related Changes in Processing Pain 126 Orofacial Pain 128 Movement Disorders and Orofacial Pain 132 Conclusion 135 References 138 10 Nutritional Consequences of Oral Health in Frail Elders 143 Paula Moynihan, Kazunori Ikebe, and Rena Zelig Changing Nutritional Needs of Frail Elders 143 Malnutrition/Undernutrition in Elders 145 Diet and Oral Health in Frail Elders 151 References 154 11 Dry Mouth and Medications 160 W. Murray Thomson and Chao Shu Yao The Salivary System 160 The Role of Saliva 163 What Is Dry Mouth? 165 How Do We Measure Dry Mouth? 165 Prevalence and Impact of Dry Mouth 167 Medications and Dry Mouth 168 Managing and Preventing Dry Mouth 173 Conclusion 175 References 175 12 Dementia, Sleep Apnea, and Dysphagia 180 Michael I.
MacEntee, Fernanda Almeida, B. Lynn Beattie, Najla Chebib, and Frauke Müller Dementia 180 Sleep and Aging 187 Swallowing, Dysphagia, and Pneumonia 189 References 195 13 A Framework for Assessing Oral Healthcare Programs in Residential Care Facilities 200 Matana Kettratad- Pruksapong, Joke Duyck, Michael I. MacEntee, Arminee Kazanjian, and B. Lynn Beattie Challenges 200 Healthcare Accountability 200 Residential Facilities 203 Conclusion 205 References 205 14.1 Mitigating the Effects of Harmful Commodities on Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases: Section 1: Dental Caries 208 Alan A. Deutsch, W. Murray Thomson, and Michael I. MacEntee Caries Through the Life-Course 208 Conclusion 214 References 214 14.
2 Mitigating the Effects of Harmful Commodities on Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases: Section 2: Periodontitis and Gingivitis 217 Jim Yuan Lai, Howard C. Tenenbaum, Michael B. Goldberg, and Elaine Cardoso Periodontitis as a Noncommunicable Disease 217 Periodontitis and Other Noncommunicable Diseases 218 Conclusion 222 References 223 15 Treatment Planning, and Integrating Oral and General Healthcare 226 C. Peter Owen, Joke Duyck, Barbara Janssens, David MacDonald, Chao Shu Yao, Alan A. Deutsch, and Michael I. MacEntee Integrating Oral and General Health 226 Assessing the Need for Care 228 Planning Protocols 235 Infections 236 Conclusion 238 References 239 16 Care and Management of Frail and Osteoporotic Elders with Special Emphasis on Minor Oral Surgery 245 Michael M. Bornstein and Pedro Molinero- Mourelle Minor Oral Surgery for Elders--General Considerations 246 The Osteoporotic Patient 247 Respiratory Conditions 249 Cardiovascular Diseases 251 Diabetes Mellitus 254 Psychological Disorders 255 Cancer 255 Recommendations and Conclusion 255 References 256 17 Oral Rehabilitation of the Frail Elder 260 C. Peter Owen, Shane White, Gerald McKenna, Sabrina Maniewicz, Nico Creugers, Michael I.
MacEntee, and Frauke Müller Endodontic Rehabilitation 261 Restoring Endodontically Treated Teeth 263 Partial Tooth-Loss 265 Removable Dental Prostheses 267 Tooth-Supported Overdentures 268 Complete Tooth-Loss 269 Implant-Supported Prostheses 272 Dental Restorations and Prostheses 275 Digitally Constructed Prostheses 275 Cross-Infection During Dental Treatment 275 Denture Hygiene 276 Sleep Apnea and Denture Use 276 Conclusion 276 References 277 18 Integrating Oral Health in Palliative Medicine 286 Martin Schimmel, Frauke Müller, Chao Shu Yao, Stephen Sonis, and Michael Wiseman Dentistry in Palliative Care 286 Oral Health in Palliative Care 288 Therapies 289 Oral Health and Terminal Illness 290 Nausea and Vomiting 295 Dentistry 296 Conclusion 296 References 297 19 Mobile Dental Services 303 Murali Srinivasan, Barbara Janssens, David MacDonald, and Frauke Müller Preferences of Frail Elders 304 Service Models 304 Setting-up Mobile Dental Services 308 Scope of Mobile Services 310 Cost-Effectiveness 311 Challenges 311 Conclusion 313 References 313 20 Communications and Teledentistry 316 Chris Wyatt, Mario A. Brondani, Leeann Donnelly, Nicholas Tong, and Shunhau To Introduction 316 Principles of Communication 316 Person-Centered Communication 317 Medical and Dental Records 321 Teledentistry 322 Teledentistry Referrals 322 Conclusion 325 References 325 21 Oral Healthcare for Frail Elders in Low- Income Communities 329 C. Peter Owen, Matana Kettratad- Pruksapong, Matshediso Mothopi- Peri, Frankie Hon Ching So, F.A. Clive Wright, and Michael I. MacEntee Global Expenditures on Health 329 Appropriatech 330 Responses to Constrained Resources 332 Australia and New Zealand 332 Canadian Indigenous Communities 333 Hong Kong 335 South Africa 335 Thailand 336 Conclusion 336 References 336 22 Summary 340 Michael I. MacEntee Index 341.