Part I: Introduction: Extracellular vesicles origin, classifications and biosynthesis, isolation approaches, purification, and functionalization of extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications and new perspectives 1. Introduction to extracellular vesicles: origin, classification, and biosynthesis 2. Isolation, purification, and challenges in extracellular vesicles 3. Characterization of extracellular vesicles: techniques and technologies 4. Drug loading techniques for extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications 5. Functionalization of extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications Part II: Therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles 6. Extracellular vesicles in musculoskeletal and cardiovascular applications 7. Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases 8.

Extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases and immunotherapy 9. Extracellular vesicles in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome 10. Extracellular vesicles in cancer therapy 11. Emerging applications of extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering 12. Biocompatibility, safety, and challenges in commercial, regulatory, and clinical translation Part III: Diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles in biomedical research 13. Extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer research 14. Extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and associated complications 15. Diagnostic application of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in neurological disorders 16.

Prognostic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases 17. Extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases 18. Emerging technologies and future directions in extracellular vesicle research.