Presentation of Field "History of Science" xi Jean-Claude DUPONT Introduction xiii Céline CHERICI Chapter 1. From Dissection to the Origin of Diseases: 16th-18th Centuries 1 Céline CHERICI 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. New explorations of the human body 2 1.3. From moving bodies to organs in pieces 14 1.
4. Advent of the anatomopathological and clinical methods 22 1.5. Schools of thought modeling medical practice 30 1.6. Developments in clinical anatamopathology 32 1.7. Conclusion 34 1.
8. References 35 Chapter 2. The Clinic or the Art of Diagnosis 41 Jean François THURLOY 2.1. Introduction 41 2.2. The birth of a concept 42 2.3.
Classification thinking 47 2.4. Searching for an effective treatment 51 2.5. The anatomo-clinical method 53 2.6. Institutionalization of the clinic: the hospital 54 2.7.
Conclusion 57 2.8. References 58 Chapter 3. Experimentation on Living Beings in the Modern Era 61 Jean-Claude DUPONT 3.1. Introduction 61 3.2. The emblematic case of blood circulation 62 3.
3. The origins of the experimental exploration of living beings 68 3.4. The exploration of animal functions and experimental controversies 73 3.5. Chemical exploration of respiration 83 3.6. Conclusion 88 3.
7. References 89 Chapter 4. The Visible and the Invisible: Images of the Body, From Descartes to the Encyclopedists 97 Paolo QUINTILI 4.1. The legacy of humanism and the Renaissance 97 4.2. Separation of the microcosm and macrocosm: the Baroque period 103 4.3.
The Cartesian body machine: between Harvey and Descartes 108 4.4. The successors of Descartes and the Flemish anatomists 113 4.5. Images of the body during the Age of Enlightenment: from Lancisi to the Encyclopedia 125 4.6. References 135 Chapter 5. The Observation and Classification of Living Beings: The Animal, 16th-18th Centuries 143 Jean-Luc GUICHET 5.
1. Introduction 143 5.2. Ancient and medieval legacy 144 5.3. The scholarly 16th century: a century of inventory and transition 146 5.4. The 17th century: disruption at work 150 5.
5. The 18th century: classification, observation, the question of the human species 155 5.6. Conclusion 161 5.7. References 162 Chapter 6. Observation and Classification of Living Beings: Plants 165 Olivier PERRU 6.1.
Introduction 165 6.2. Botany in the 16th century: description and conceptual framework 166 6.3. Botany in the 17th century 176 6.4. The epistemic revolution of the 18th century 184 6.5.
Conclusion 188 6.6. References 189 Chapter 7. Models, Systems, and Metaphors for Living Beings, from Descartes to Barthez 193 Paolo QUINTILI 7.1. Metaphor for life in the 17th century: the mechanism 193 7.2. Criticisms of the Cartesian mechanism: pre-existence of germs, iatrochemistry and animism 199 7.
3. Spinoza and the "Spinozism" of the Enlightenment: the new life sciences 205 7.4. Diderot, the Encyclopédie and the vitalism of the Montpellier School 209 7.5. References 220 Chapter 8. The Emergence of Transformism in the 18th and 19th Centuries 229 Stéphane TIRARD 8.1.
Introduction 229 8.2. Buffon and listing of species over time 230 8.3. Thinking about life beyond dogma: a plethora of approaches 237 8.4. Lamarck, story of a conversion: from fixism to "transformism" 241 8.5.
Cuvier and the compositional plans 247 8.6. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and the principle of recapitulation 248 8.7. Conclusion 249 8.8. References 250 List of Authors 253 Index of Terms 255 Index of Names 259 Summary of Volume 1 265 Summary of Volume 3 271.