Contributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xii Section 1 The ED Journey 1 1 The context of emergency nursing 2 Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz-Alonso 2 Pre-hospital care 4 Paul Newcombe and Amba Cooper-Morris 3 Major incidents 6 Heather Jarman and Las Aiyathurai 4 Discharge planning 8 Eimear Cardwell and Anna Ryan 5 Patient transfer 10 Heather Jarman and Emily Dekker Section 2 Patient Assessment 13 6 Initial assessment and triage 14 Paul Newcombe and John Clulow 7 The ''ABCDE'' approach 16 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett 8 Track and trigger systems 18 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett 9 Pain 20 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett Sectopn 3 Airway and Breathing 23 10 Airway assessment and management 24 Natalie Holbery and Catherine Jones 11 Assessment of breathing 26 Paul Newcombe and Catherine Jones 12 Oxygen therapy 28 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Leyland 13 Respiratory conditions 30 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Leyland Section 4 Circulation 33 14 Assessment of circulation 34 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Hassiem 15 Circulation interventions 36 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Hassiem 16 Shock 38 Paul Newcombe, Inmaculada Diaz Alonso, and Sarah Laslett 17 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) 40 Emma Menzies-Gow 18 Cardiac arrhythmias 42 Emma Menzies-Gow 19 Acute coronary syndrome 44 Emma Menzies-Gow 20 Heart failure 46 Emma Menzies-Gow 21 Advanced life support (ALS) 48 Paul Newcombe and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso Section 5 Disability 51 22 Assessment of neurological function 52 Chris Brunker 23 The unconscious patient 54 Chris Brunker 24 Stroke 56 Chris Brunker 25 Seizures 58 Chris Brunker 26 Headache 60 Natalie Holbery and Krishan Joseph Section 6 Major trauma 63 27 Trauma in context 64 Natalie Holbery and Suzan Thompson 28 Primary survey 66 Natalie Holbery and Suzan Thompson 29 Head and spinal injury 68 Natalie Holbery and Sarah Laslett 30 Chest trauma 70 Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso 31 Limb injuries 72 Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso 32 Abdominal and pelvic trauma 74 Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso 33 Massive haemorrhage 76 Natalie Holbery and Suzan Thompson 34 Burns 78 Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso 35 Trauma: Special circumstances 80 Natalie Holbery and Inmaculada Diaz Alonso Section 7 Emergency presentations 83 36 Abdominal pain 84 Paul Newcombe and Krishan Joseph 37 Gastrointestinal bleed 86 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett 38 Genitourinary conditions 88 Paul Newcombe, Stefani Konstantinou, and Elizabeth Cotter 39 Acute kidney injury (AKI) 90 Paul Newcombe and Marissa Dainton 40 Diabetic emergencies 92 Paul Newcombe and Sarah Laslett 41 Sickle cell crisis 94 Alero Omaghomi and Francis Akor 42 Gynaecological presentations 96 Natalie Holbery and Raquel Gonzaga 43 Obstetric presentations 98 Natalie Holbery and Joan Lawrence Section 8 Poisoning and overdose 101 44 Poisoning: Assessment and management 102 Claire Smitheram 45 Poisoning: Prescription and non-prescription drugs 104 Claire Smitheram 46 Poisoning: Other substances 106 Claire Smitheram 47 Alcohol misuse 108 Claire Smitheram Section 9 Infection prevention and control 111 48 Management of infectious diseases 112 Sadie Connolly 49 Common notifiable diseases 114 Natalie Holbery and Sadie Connolly 50 Sexually transmitted infections 116 Natalie Holbery and Nicole Pollock Section 10 Vulnerable adults 119 51 Safeguarding vulnerable adults 120 Janet Melville-Wiseman 52 People with a learning disability 122 Daniel Marsden, Catherine Siggery, and Jim Blair 53 Domestic abuse 124 Natalie Holbery and Sari Sirkia-Weaver 54 Sexual assault 126 Shauna McCusker and Natalie Holbery 55 Frailty 128 Kim Fittall 56 Falls and hip fracture 130 Sarah Laslett 57 Dementia 132 Natalie Holbery and Sarah Laslett 58 End-of-life care 134 Natalie Holbery and Matt Hart Section 11 Mental health 137 59 The mental health patient in the emergency department (ED) 138 Chris Hart and Kate Button 60 Risk assessment, self-harm and suicide 140 Chris Hart and Kate Button 61 Common mental health problems 142 Chris Hart and Kate Button Section 12 Children in the emergency department (ED) 145 62 Children in the emergency department (ED) 146 Caron Ireland 63 Safeguarding children 148 Caron Ireland 64 Recognising the sick child 150 Caron Ireland 65 Common illnesses in children 152 Caron Ireland 66 Paediatric advanced life support 154 Caron Ireland 67 Trauma in children 156 Natalie Holbery, Sarah Cave-McMullan, and Meg Corey 68 Minor injuries in children 158 Caron Ireland Section 13 Urgent care 161 69 Lower limb injuries 162 Nicola Shopland and Sarah-Jane Anscomb 70 Upper limb injuries 164 Matthew Parkes and Sarah-Jane Anscomb 71 Wounds 166 Matthew Parkes and Sarah-Jane Anscomb 72 Eye conditions 168 Nicola Shopland and Sarah-Jane Anscomb 73 Ear, nose and throat conditions 170 Nicola Shopland, Ollie Phipps, and Jaime Phipps 74 Minor illness 172 Inmaculada Diaz Alonso and Natalie Holbery Further reading 174 Index 000.