Contributors ix Preface xii Interlude xiii Chapter 1 An Introduction to Advanced Clinical Practice and Scope of Practice 1 Ollie Phipps and Ian Setchfield Chapter 2 Clinical Decision-Making and Diagnostic Reasoning 7 Helen Francis-Wenger, Colin Roberts, and Jo Amy Bailey Chapter 3 Clinical History Taking 21 Sadie Diamond- Fox, Rebecca Connolly, Alexandra Gatehouse, John Wilkinson, Angela Roberts, Caroline McCrea, and Sonya Stone Chapter 4 Physical Examination and Diagnostic Reasoning 33 Sadie Diamond- Fox, Rebecca Connolly, and Alexandra Gatehouse Chapter 5 Interpretation of Clinical Investigations - Blood Tests 58 Sarah Henry and James Hardie Chapter 6 Interpretation of Clinical Investigations - Radiology 72 Jo Hardy and Tracey Maxfield Chapter 7 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision- Making in Inflammation and Sepsis 87 Ian Setchfield and Janine Mair Copyrighted Material Chapter 8 Neurological Disorders 104 Sonya Stone and Rebecca Connolly Chapter 9 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Ophthalmic and Associated Disorders 123 John Clulow and Mona Khandwala Chapter 10 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in ENT Disorders 144 Jaime Phipps and Barry Hill Chapter 11 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Respiratory Disorders 161 Sandra Marti- Navarrete and Barry Hill Chapter 12 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Cardiovascular Disorders 179 Valentino Oriolo and Esther Arnold Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal Disorders 195 Nick Browning and Ollie Phipps Chapter 14 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Renal Disorders 212 Inmaculada Diaz-Alonso and Ollie Phipps Chapter 15 Endocrine Disorders 233 Sadie Diamond-Fox, Sonya Stone, Alexandra Gatehouse, and Rebecca Connolly Chapter 16 Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Decision-Making in Haematological Disorders 253 Barry Hill Chapter 17 Neoplasms 268 Amanda Riley, Holly Tant, and Katy Taylor Chapter 18 Mental Health and Learning Disabilities 290 Jo Delrée, Mark Kitchingham, Michelle Hawes, Alex Rickett, Barry Hill, and Ollie Phipps Chapter 19 Musculoskeletal Disorders 309 Nick Worth Chapter 20 Frailty and Care of the Older Person 332 Claire Anne Pryor and Esther Clift References 348 Further Reading 365 Index 366.