This book presents the interplay between topological Markov shifts and Cuntz-Krieger algebras by providing notations, techniques, and ideas in detail. The main goal of this book is to provide a detailed proof of a classification theorem for continuous orbit equivalence of one-sided topological Markov shifts. The continuous orbit equivalence of one-sided topological Markov shifts is classified in terms of several different mathematical objects: the étale groupoids, the actions of the continuous full groups on the Markov shifts, the algebraic type of continuous full groups, the Cuntz-Krieger algebras, and the K-theory dates of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras. This classification result shows that topological Markov shifts have deep connections with not only operator algebras but also groupoid theory, infinite non-amenable groups, group actions, graph theory, linear algebras, K-theory, and so on. By using this classification result, the complete classification of flow equivalence in two-sided topological Markov shifts is described in terms of Cuntz-Krieger algebras. The authors will also study the relationship between the topological conjugacy of topological Markov shifts and the gauge actions of Cuntz-Krieger algebras.