Introduction Paul Copan (Palm Beach Atlantic University, USA) Part 1. Whatever Begins to Exist Has a Cause A New Critique of Theological Misinterpretations of Physical Cosmology Adolf Gr¿nbaum (University of Pittsburgh, USA) The 'Normalcy of Nothingness' in the Leibnizian and Kalam Cosmological Arguments William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology, USA) Part 2. The Universe Began to Exist Deductive Arguments 2.1 Argument based on Impossibility of Existence of an Actual Infinite "Must Metaphysical Time Have a Beginning?" Wes Morriston (University of Colorado Boulder, USA) Craig on the Actual Infinite Wes Morriston (University of Colorado Boulder, USA) On the Beginning of Time David S. Oderberg (University of Reading, UK) Arguing about Gods Graham Oppy (Monash University, Australia) Graham Oppy on the Kalam Cosmological Argument William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology, USA) Heartbreak at Hilbert's Hotel Landon Hedrick (University of Nebraska - Lincoln, USA) No Heartbreak at Hilbert's Hotel Andrew Loke (University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong) Finitism and the Beginning of the Universe Stephen Puryear (NC State University, USA) 2.2 Argument based on the Impossibility of Formation of an Actual Infinite by Successive Addition Traversal of the Infinite, the 'Big Bang,' and the Kalam Cosmological Argument David S. Oderberg (University of Reading, UK) The Tristram Shandy Paradox Graham Oppy (Monash University, Australia) The Tristram Shandy Paradox: A Reply to Graham Oppy David S. Oderberg (University of Reading, UK) A New Kalam Argument: Revenge of the Grim Reaper Robert C.

Koons (University of Texas at Austin, USA) Endless Future: A Persistent Thorn in the Kalam Cosmological Argument Yishai Cohen (Syracuse University, USA) The Kalam Cosmological Argument William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology, USA) Inductive Arguments 2.3 Inductive Argument based on Expansion of the Universe The Kalam Cosmological Argument William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology, USA) and James Sinclair (Warfare Analyst, USA) Why the Big Bang Singularity Does Not Help the Kalam Cosmological Argument for Theism J. B. Pitts (University of Notre Dame, USA) On Non-Singular Spacetimes and the Beginning of the Universe William Lane Craig (Talbot School of Theology, USA) and James Sinclair (Warfare Analyst, USA) The Beginning of the Universe Alexander Vilenkin (Tufts Institute of Cosmology, USA) 2.4 Inductive Argument based on Thermodynamic Properties of the Universe A Dying Universe: The Long-term Fate and Evolution of Astrophysical Objects Fred Adams (University of Delaware, USA) and Gregory Laughlin (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA) Heat Death in Ancient and Modern Thermodynamics G¿bor Kutrov¿tz ( E¿tv¿s Lor¿nd University, Hungary) Entropy and Eschatology Milan M. Cirkovic (University of Novi Sad, Serbia) Disturbing Implications of a Cosmological Constant Lisa Dyson (CEO of Kiverdi, USA), Matthew Kleban (New York University, USA), and Leonard Susskind (Stanford University, USA) The Generalized Second Law implies a Quantum Singularity Theorem Aron C. Wall (Institute for Advanced Study, USA) Part 3. Therefore, the Universe has a Cause Agent Causation and the Craig/Gr¿nbaum Debate about Theistic Explanation of the Initial Singularity J.

P. Moreland (Talbot School of Theology, USA) Causation and the Logical Impossibility of a Divine Cause Quentin Smith (Western Michigan University, USA) The Concept of a Cause of the Universe Mark Nowacki (Singapore Management University, Singapore) Index.