This book focuses on space robotics, planetary exploration systems, and propulsion technology, offering in-depth insights into the engineering innovations that are reshaping modern space missions. With content drawn from the XLVI and XLVII Academic Space Conferences, this book addresses both theoretical and applied challenges in autonomous systems and advanced propulsion technology. Organized into two parts, the chapters explore the design and deployment of robotic rovers, autonomous systems for harsh planetary environments, novel control algorithms, and cutting-edge propulsion systems. In particular, the contributors highlight next-generation propulsion systems, including plasma engines, ion thrusters, and hybrid configurations, alongside state-of-the-art robotic systems and autonomous mobility solutions for planetary exploration. Presenting experimental results, simulation studies, and systems integration approaches, this book serves as a reference for engineers, robotics specialists, and mission planners.