Nuclear energy's future depends on knowledge management and developing skilled professionals for safe, efficient sustainability. The future of nuclear energy is driven by the people and knowledge at its core and empowered by the technology that moves it forward. Effective nuclear knowledge management and the development of skilled professionals are fundamental to ensuring a safe, efficient, and sustainable nuclear sector. This publication presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management and Human Resources Development: Challenges and Opportunities, held by the IAEA from 1 to 5 July 2024 in Vienna. The conference convened more than 700 experts and practitioners from around the world to share experiences, explore innovative approaches, and examine how to address today's challenges while preparing for tomorrow's opportunities. The proceedings highlight practical solutions and success stories that can support nuclear organizations, partners, and national and international stakeholders in building and maintaining the workforce required for the future of nuclear power.