Vertebrate Carbonic Anhydrases , Volume 59 in The Enzymes series, explores recent advances in the study of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in vertebrate systems. This volume presents a comprehensive collection of chapters examining the diversity, structure, function, and physiological roles of vertebrate CA isoforms across multiple tissues and cellular compartments. Chapters include discussions on the phylogenetic relationships of vertebrate carbonic anhydrases and detailed examinations of several important isoforms, including carbonic anhydrases I, II, and III, as well as membrane-associated enzymes such as CA IV and XV. Additional contributions explore mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases (CA VA and VB), secreted isoforms such as CA VI, and other cytosolic and membrane-associated enzymes including CA VII, CA XIII, and CA XIV. The volume also examines acatalytic carbonic anhydrases and tumor-associated isoforms, providing insights into their structural characteristics and biological significance. A concluding chapter addresses current challenges and opportunities in the development of selective inhibitors and activators targeting vertebrate carbonic anhydrase isoforms, highlighting their potential therapeutic applications. Together, these chapters offer an in-depth overview of vertebrate carbonic anhydrases, providing valuable insights for researchers in enzymology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and biomedical sciences.