This book discusses the phytochemistry of bryophytes, with a particular focus on their biologically active natural products and their potential applications in medicine, cosmetics, and as foods. Bryophytes, which include the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, produce a plethora of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and polyketides that exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and muscle-relaxant effects. The volume also explores the characteristic odors and flavors of bryophytes, as well as their possible use in the cosmetics industry, as food additives, and ultimately as medicinal drugs. Additionally, the biosynthesis pathways and synthesis of selected bioactive bryophyte compounds are discussed, highlighting the potential of these fascinating and ancient plants as a source of novel and valuable natural products.