Section I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene 1. Guidelines for water intake 2. Hydration and metabolic health: a new narrative 3. An overview of the regulation of water balance in the body Section II. Physiological variables 4. Psychobiology of thirst: an updated narrative 5. The vasopressin system and regulation of water balance 6.
Sodium and water balance 7. Preventing dehydration: Aldosterone and regulation of water balance 8. Preventing dehydration: Renin-Angiotensin system and water regulation 9. Overconsumption of hypotonic fluids: Preventing hyponatremia due to exercise 10. Prevention of delayed symptomatic hyponatremia in surgery Section III. Cellular and molecular variables 11. Vasopressin system and thirst 12. Osmoreceptors and the control of water balance 13.
Cellular and molecular processes: Osmolytes 14. Cellular and molecular processes: Baroreceptors 15. Cellular and molecular processes: Aquaporin Section IV. Regulation of water intake 16. Regulation of water intake by cannabinoids: CB1 receptors and the insular cortex 17. Brain and control of water intake: linking the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus 18. Vasopressin and regulation of fluid balance in pregnancy Section V. Thirst, dehydration, and reduced water intake 19.
Definitions: dehydration and underhydration in acute and chronic scenarios 20. The inhibitory mechanisms that control thirst and satiety 21. Thirst in heart failure 22. Deliberate dehydration in sports 23. Dehydration in cholera Section VI. Water as a nutritional vehicle, sports and energy drinks 24. Hydrogen-rich water intake and effects on human biology 25. Energy drinks consumed by adolescents 26.
Popular and new isotonic sports drinks 27. Energy drinks consumed with alcohol 28. Isomaltulose in sports drinks 29. Energy drinks and effects on brachial artery: measures of endothelial functions 30. Hydration with sugar-sweetened beverages Section VII. Mineral Water 31. Contaminants in mineral water 32. Profiles of bottled mineral waters 33.
Mineral waters and modulation of intestinal inflammation 34. Bicarbonate-rich mineral water 35. Iron-rich mineral water as an adverse scenario Section VIII. Tap and drinking water 36. Global warming and impact on water supplies 37. Phthalates in drinking water 38. Lead-in drinking water 39. Adverse scenarios of tap water linked with reduced cognition 40.
Fluoride in drinking water and health consequences Section IX. Drinking water and intake in different scenarios 41. Improving water intake in sports (football) 42. Menopause and water intake wrinkles and beyond 43. Water intake and menstrual distress 44. Water intake and water insecurity 45. Drinking water and intake in pregnancy: health and disease prevention (arsenic) 46. Hypovolemia in the elderly Section X.
Clinical Scenarios i. Hyponatremic conditions 47. Water loading and acute hyponatremia 48. Hyponatremia and Psychogenic Polydipsia ii. Hypovolemic conditions 49. Hypovolemic shock in trauma 50. Prediction and diagnosis of hypovolemic iii. Diuretics 51.
Diuretics and hyponatremia 52. Diuretics use in critically ill patients iv. Water intake 53. Water intake and effects on copeptin in diabetes 54. Water, hydration and cognition 55. Linking water intake and BMI v. Conditions and disease 56. Fluid balance in diabetes insipidus 57.
Polydipsia 58. Fluid balance in chronic kidney disease 59. Fluid balance in polycystic kidney disease 60. Fluid balance in cardiovascular diseases 61. Water, hydration and cognition Section XI. Risks and effects of contaminations 62. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water and risks of consumption 63. Drinking water and environmental risk: radioactivity 64.
Nitrates in drinking water and FOXE1 polymorphisms 65. Risks and effects of contaminations: hormones 66. Risks and effects of contaminations: pharmaceuticals 67. Risks and effects of contaminations: heavy metals Section XII. Resources 68. Resources in Water and Hydration in Health and Disease Prevention.