This book concentrates on summarizing previous seismic scientific investigations in order to form standard procedures, approaches, and data sharing for the investigation of future large earthquake. Scientific investigation of large earthquake plays a crucial role in acquiring various records related to earthquake cycle processes and improving the knowledge of earthquake physics and earthquake forecasting. The book aims to provide a guide for the readers seeking earthquake knowledge by probing into the multi-disciplinary investigation of large earthquakes. The book is motivated by recent advances of seismic investigation, including novel geophysical technologies. It is an essential reference to scientifically and systematically investigate future large earthquakes. Chapters are carefully developed to cover seismogenic structure, seismogenic mechanism, earthquake evolution process, influence of the occurred earthquake on regional earthquake hazard, and earthquake disaster mechanism. The book is written for researchers of seismotectonics, earthquake physics, engineering geology, earthquake engineering, natural hazard prevention, and policy-makers engaged in post-hazard restoration.