RNases in Health and Diseases: From Housekeeping Enzymes to Moonlight Proteins presents a comprehensive exploration of the structural and functional properties of RNases, revealing their importance well beyond basic cellular maintenance. The book introduces readers to the evolving landscape of RNase research, including their multifaceted roles and newly discovered capabilities. Particularly notable are their contributions to the generation of non-coding signaling RNAs and their emerging potential as tools for diagnostics and therapy. The content is organized into three distinct sections, beginning with RNase structure and continuing with research methods and advanced tools for studying these enzymes. In addition to foundational knowledge, the final section investigates the connections between RNases and various diseases, illustrating their clinical relevance. This resource offers both researchers and students a broad perspective, making it valuable for anyone seeking a solid background in RNase biology. Readers will gain insights into recent breakthroughs, research techniques, and the therapeutic possibilities that position RNases at the forefront of biomedical innovation.