Preface; 1. What's so special about science?; 1.1 'I Could be wrong'; 1.2 Is there anything out there?; 1.3 Making the subjective objective; 1.4 Facts and theory; 1.5 'Follow the science'; 1.6 Understanding science; 2.

Observation-driven science; 2.1 Mary's butterflies; 2.2 Early empiricism: Francis Bacon; 2.3 Later empiricism: the positivists; 2.4 The limitations of empiricism; 2.5 The place of empiricism in science; 3. Hypothesis-driven science: Falsificationism; 3.1 Mary's butterflies; 3.

2 Karl Popper and falsificationism; 3.3 Mechanisms and change; 3.4 Ad hoc hypotheses; 4. Hypothesis-driven science: limitations and alternatives; 4.1 The limitations of hypothesis-testing; 4.2 The place of hypothesis-testing in science; 5. Paradigm-driven science; 5.1 Mary's butterflies; 5.

2 The philosophy of paradigms: Thomas Kuhn; 5.3 The limitations of paradigms; 5.4 The place of paradigms in science; 6. Science as a social activity; 6.1 Mary's butterflies; 6.2 Public knowledge; 6.3 A social definition of science; 7. Synthesis; 7.

1 What do you mean by 'science'?; 7.2 Search for consensus as a line of demarcation; 7.3 Being scientific; 7.4 The web of trust; 8. Science in practice: publishing; 8.1 The publication process; 8.2 Citations and impact factors: bibliometrics; 9. Science in practice: data; 9.

1 Scientific data in the light of philosophy; 9.2 Dealing with variation; 9.3 Reviews and meta-analyses; 9.4 Combining evidence: an example; 10. Science in practice: academia; 10.1 Academia and the competent researcher; 10.2 Academic freedom; 10.3 Funding; 10.

4 Ethics in science; 10.5 Science outside of the academy; 11. Epilogue; Index; References.