This book presents the karts as a global phenomenon. It is very well illustrated with original photographs and illustrations by the authors. The first chapters elaborate surface and underground karst phenomena, including hydrology. However, most of the monograph is dedicated to caves in North Macedonia. There is extenstive elaboration of caves in North Macedonia by regions. Next chapters are about biospeleology (comprehensive presentation of cave diversity in North Macedonia), speleopaleontology (mainly fossils from Pleistocene), speleoarchaeology (first comprehensive presentation of paleolithic findings--Neanderthal communities), cave churches, threats and protection, destroyed karts phenomena. The monograph ends with glossary (Macedonian with English, German, French, Croatian, and Serbian translations), bibliography.