This is the first book on the geology of Qatar, with a special focus on its petroleum and gas potential, which is studied within the context of the Arabian Plate tectonic configuration. The book consists of nine chapters that introduce the history of Qatar's geologic surveys, the country's surface geology and its main outcrops and physiographic subdivision, the tectonic history, and structural elements of the Arabian Plate and Qatar. The remaining six chapters cover the stratigraphic and sedimentological history of the subsurface sediments of Qatar from the Infra Cambrian to the recent regional correlation with the neighbouring countries.