Preface Acknowledgments Introduction An Introduction to Sedges Distinguishing the Carex Sedges A Brief History of Oval Sedges Distinguishing Oval Sedges from other Carex Sections Notes on Identification and Using This Book Measurement Tools Measurement Variation Depauperate Specimens Seasonal Variation Specimen Maturity Dried & Fresh Specimens Habit & Growth Form Leaves & Sheaths Spike Perigynia & Pistillate Scales Perigynium Venation Quick ID Groups Guide to Species Pages SPECIES ACCOUNTS: Carex alata Torrey Carex albolutescens Schweinitz Carex bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fernald Carex bicknellii Britton Carex brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie ex Lunell Carex crawfordii Fernald Carex cristatella Britton Carex cumulata (L.H. Bailey) Mackenzie Carex echinodes (Fernald) P.E. Rothrock, Reznicek, & Hipp Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willdenow Carex longii Mackenzie Carex missouriensis P.E.

Rothrock & Reznicek Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright Carex molestiformis Reznicek & P.E. Rothrock Carex muskingumensis Schweinitz Carex normalis Mackenzie Carex opaca (F.J. Hermann) P.E. Rothrock & Reznicek Carex praticola Rydberg Carex projecta Mackenzie Carex reniformis (L.H.

Bailey) Small Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willdenow Carex straminea Willdenow ex Schkuhr Carex suberecta (Olney) Britton Carex tenera Dewey Carex tribuloides Wahlenberg var . sangamonensis Clokey Carex tribuloides Wahlenberg var. tribuloides Additional Photographs Glossary References Index About the Authors State of Illinois Counties Metric Ruler Blank Pages for Field Notes Specimens Photographed.