Ultrasonic Shot Peening: Fundamentals and Applications consists of three sections, the first covering the fundamentals of the process, describing the mechanisms of shot motion, numerical modeling of ultrasonic shot peening (USP), and experimental approaches to surface morphology evaluation during USP. The second section discusses the fabrication of gradient nanostructured surfaces by USP, including surface nanocrystallization of stainless steel, high entropy alloys, titanium alloys, low-carbon steel, and copper. This section also investigates the enhanced mechanical behaviors USP can provide in gradient nanostructured materials, such as improved strength-ductility, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. The final section of the book outlines applications of USP and in-situ methods of producing nanograined metallic flakes and powders. A companion website with downloadable code and video clips is also included.