Preface xxv Acknowledgments xxxi Topic A Background 1 Section I Context 3 1 An Introduction to Foundation Engineering 5 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Geosystems and Foundations 7 1.3 Foundation Engineering 8 1.4 Realm of Foundation Engineering 9 1.5 Challenging Conditions and Role of Foundation Engineer 10 1.6 Book Organization 16 1.7 Major Points 17 References 18 2 Foundation Systems - Forms and Function 19 2.
1 Process for Engineering of Foundations: Data, Design, and Construction 19 2.2 Foundation Categories: Geometry and Construction Aspects 19 2.3 Intermediate Alternatives: Semi-deep Foundations 21 2.4 Intermediate Alternatives: Ground Modification 24 2.5 Foundation Form Aspects 28 2.6 Insights on Foundation Systems; Features and Functions 29 2.7 Overall Procedure for Foundation Design 32 2.8 Case Histories 33 2.
9 Major Points 39 References 40 Section II Geotechnical Engineering 43 3 Geotechnical Site Investigation 45 3.1 Geotechnical Engineering 45 3.2 Geotechnical Investigations Extensions 47 3.3 Stages for Geotechnical Investigations 48 3.4 Extent of Geotechnical Site Investigation for Foundation Engineering 49 3.5 Sources of Geotechnical Data 53 3.6 In Situ Penetration Tests 57 3.7 Variability from Laboratory and In Situ Testing 58 3.
8 Geotechnical Reports 58 3.9 Problematic Soils 62 3.10 Case Histories 70 3.11 Major Points 75 3.12 Questions and Problems 75 References 77 4 Soil and Rock Parameters for Foundations 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Basic Soil Mechanics for Foundation Engineering 80 4.3 Visual and Manual Soil Identification 85 4.
4 Soil Classification Based on Laboratory Results 89 4.5 Soil Behavior Classification Based on In Situ Tests 94 4.6 Soil Geotechnical Parameters: Determination and Correlations 101 4.7 Rock Properties and Classification 118 4.8 Case Histories 124 4.9 Major Points 129 4.10 Questions and Problems 130 References 134 Topic B Shallow Foundations 137 Section III Spread Footings and Mats 139 5 Types and Construction Methods 141 5.1 Introduction of Shallow Foundations 141 5.
2 Single Spread Foundations (Footings) 142 5.3 Combined Foundations 146 5.4 Mat Foundations 147 5.5 Uncommon Shallow Foundations 148 5.6 Case Histories 151 5.7 Major Points 154 5.8 Questions and Problems 155 References 156 6 Geotechnical Design Aspects 157 6.1 Stresses in Soil 157 6.
2 Contact Pressure 160 6.3 Determining Bearing Capacity 163 6.4 Settlement Estimation 178 6.5 Stability Issues (External) 194 6.6 Major Points 200 6.7 Questions and Problems 202 References 205 7 Structural Analysis and Design 207 7.1 Introduction 207 7.2 Principles of Internal Foundations Analysis 208 7.
3 Analysis of Flexible Foundations 214 7.4 Structural Foundation Design 222 7.5 Structural Design of Rigid Square Footings 223 7.6 Major Points 241 7.7 Questions and Problems 242 References 244 Section IV Ground Modifications 245 8 Difficult Soil Improvement 247 8.1 Introduction 247 8.2 Background 248 8.3 Soil Improvement Methods 248 8.
4 Earth Works 248 8.5 Compaction and Densification 253 8.6 Physical and Chemical Modification 263 8.7 Hydraulic Modification 271 8.8 Reinforcement 277 8.9 Quality Control and Selection of Methods 283 8.10 Major Points 284 8.11 Questions and Problems 286 References 288 9 Foundations on Stabilized Soils 291 9.
1 Introduction 291 9.2 Foundations on Massive Treated Soil 292 9.3 Foundations on Rigid Intrusions (Stone Columns) 299 9.4 Foundations on Reinforced Soils 308 9.5 Major Points 323 9.6 Questions and Problems 324 References 327 Topic C Semi-Deep Foundations 329 Section V Skirted, Floating, and Shell Foundations 331 10 Types and Construction Approach 333 10.1 Introduction 333 10.2 Geotechnical Background 334 10.
3 Categories 335 10.4 Well Foundations 335 10.5 Skirted Foundations 338 10.6 Floating Foundations 339 10.7 Bucket Foundations 341 10.8 Spudcan 346 10.9 Shell Foundations 348 10.10 Major Points 353 10.
11 Questions 354 References 356 11 Skirted, Bucket, and Spudcan Foundations 359 11.1 Introduction 359 11.2 Bearing Capacity Determination: Classic and Modified Approaches 361 11.3 Bearing Capacity of Skirted Foundations 361 11.4 Bearing Capacity of Bucket Foundations 366 11.5 Bearing Capacity of Spudcans 369 11.6 Bearing Capacity Semi-Deep Foundations under Combined Loading (VMH) 372 11.7 Main Correlations for Failure Pattern Under VMH Loading 377 11.
8 Case Studies 380 11.9 Major Points 391 11.10 Questions and Problems 392 References 394 12 Floating (Balanced) Foundations 397 12.1 Background to Floating Foundations 397 12.2 Floating Foundations Principles 398 12.3 Types of Floating Foundations 398 12.4 Excavation Issues and Associated Difficulties 403 12.5 Supporting Systems 410 12.
6 Floating Foundation Design 415 12.7 Case Studies 420 12.8 Major Points 425 12.9 Questions and Problems 426 References 428 13 Shell Foundations 431 13.1 Introduction 431 13.2 Overview of Shells in Civil Engineering 433 13.3 Categories of Shell Foundations 435 13.4 Design Approaches 438 13.
5 Geotechnical Design Approach 441 13.6 Structural Design Approach 444 13.7 Case Studies 448 13.8 Case Studies 455 13.9 Questions and Problems 456 References 458 Topic D Deep Foundations 459 Section VI Single Piles and Drilled Shafts 461 14 Types and Installation 463 14.1 Deep Foundations Applications 463 14.2 Piles Materials and Cross-Sections 464 14.3 Pile Installation 466 14.
4 Drilled Shafts (Bored Piles): Applications and Construction 473 14.5 Special Piles 479 14.6 Major Points 496 14.7 Questions and Problems 497 References 498 15 Geotechnical Design 501 15.1 Deep Foundation Design 501 15.2 Load Transfer Mechanism 502 15.3 Bearing Capacity: Static Analysis 504 15.4 Code-Based Methods 510 15.
5 Load-Displacement of Piles (P-Î) 517 15.6 Settlement 522 15.7 Resistance Distribution; Residual Stress 523 15.8 Helical Piles Capacity 526 15.9 Pullout Capacity 530 15.10 Post-Installation Capacity Variations 533 15.11 Major Points 545 15.12 Questions and Problems 546 References 549 16 In Situ Penetration Testing Applications 551 16.
1 Introduction 551 16.2 Scale Effect in Correlations Between Pile, Foundation, and CPT 552 16.3 CPT and Pile Scale Effect for Toe Capacity 552 16.4 Scale Effect in Estimation of Shaft Capacity 558 16.5 CPT or SPT Records for Pile Installation 561 16.6 Commonly Used SPT-Based Methods for Pile Axial-Bearing Capacity 562 16.7 Commonly Used Direct CPT-Based Methods for Pile Axial-Bearing Capacity 567 16.8 Comments on the Methods 574 16.
9 Case Histories 584 16.10 Major Points 591 16.11 Questions and Problems 591 References 599 17 Lateral Loading and Structural Aspect 603 17.1 Background of Lateral Loading 603 17.2 Foundation Resistance Against Lateral Loading 606 17.3 Analysis of Piles with Lateral Loads 608 17.4 Lateral Pressure - Displacement Approach (p-y Curves) 623 17.5 General Structural Design Aspects 630 17.
6 Structural Considerations of Piles and Drilled Shafts 635 17.7 Piles and Drilled Shafts Design Under Combine Loading (VMH) 638 17.8 Shear Piles 641 17.9 Major Points 663 17.10 Questions and Problems 664 References 667 Section VII Combined Loading and Group Actions 671 18 Combined Loading and Pile Group 673 18.1 Introduction 673 18.2 Insight on Applied Pressure and Displacement Relation 676 18.3 Pile and Pile Group under Combined Loading 676 18.
4 Load Distribution in a Pile Group 677 18.5 Bearing Capacity Under Axial Loads 681 18.6 Structural Design of Pile Cap 686 18.7 Settlement of Pile Group 689 18.8 Major Points 710 18.9 Questions and Problems 710 References 714 19 Piled Raft Foundations 717 19.1 Introduction 717 19.2 Principles 719 19.
3 Geotechnical Performance 723 19.4 Special Considerations 730 19.5 Major Points 743 19.6 Questions 743 References 744 20 Performance Under Extreme Conditions 747 20.1 Introduction 747 20.2 Deep Foundations for Slope Stability 747 20.3 Downdrag Forces 755 20.4 Cyclic Loading and Its Effects on Deep Foundations Performance 761 20.
5 Earthquake and Liquefaction 769 20.6 Scour 787 20.7 Major Points 800 20.8 Questions and Problems 801 References 803 Topic E Complementary Issues 807 Section VIII Testing and Numerical Approaches 809 21 Fu.