Table of Contents Preface 1. Finding Your Way (Navigation, Part 1) Navigation by Terrestrial Signs Terrestrial Latitude and Longitude Globes and Maps Rhumb Lines and Great Circles Dead Reckoning Navigational Use of the Compass Altitude and Azimuth Measuring Altitude Measuring Azimuth Measuring Time 2. Guided by the Sky (Navigation, Part 2) Early Navigator Training and Certification Celestial Navigation Celestial Latitude and Longitude Sources of Error in Celestial Navigation Star Data Astronomical and Nautical Almanacs (Ephemerides) Solar Positions Planetary Positions Lunar Positions Navigational Use of the Pole Star Determining Latitude Determining Longitude Modern Celestial Cross-Fix Log and Trig Tables Sight Reduction Tables (SRTs) LORAN and GPS 3. From Oars and Amphorae to Container Ships (Cargo Transport) Propulsion and Shipboard Labor Early Shipping Containers Deck and Hold Stowage Ship Design: Hatches and Cargo Ports Modern Cargo Intermodal Transport: ROROs and LASHs Intermodal Transport: Container Ships 4. "Haul Taut!" (Lifting Machines, Part 1) Machines Pulleys and the Block-and-Tackle Ropes and the Like Use of the Block-and-Tackle 5. "Rig the Capstan!" (Lifting Machines, Part 2) The Load: Anchors and Anchor Cables Winch The Windlass Reel Winches The Capstan Derricks Heavy Lift Derricks Derricks Versus Cranes Deck Cranes 6. "Helm a-Starboard!" (Steering Gear) The Steering Oar The Rudder The Tiller The Whipstaff The Steering Wheel Gears Chain and Belt Drives Axiometer (Helm Indicator) Gear Train-Type Steering Gear Screw-Type Steering Gear Powered Versus Manual Steering The Flettner Rudder Automatic Piloting Steering Propulsors Flettner Rotors Cycloidal Propellers 7. Going Fishing (Fishing Vessels and Fishing Gear) Fishing Gear Fishing Vessels 8.
Flags and Blinkers (Visual Communication at Sea) Communication and Coding Communication Protocols Limitations of Visual Communication Sail Signals Flaghoist Signals Intraship Flag Signals Myer Wigwag Mechanical and Manual Semaphore Heliograph Visual Communication--Night Pyrotechnics Signal Fires and Lamps Other Light Signaling Methods Range and Speed of Signaling 9. "Ahoy There!" (Nonvisual Communication at Sea) Physics of Audio Communication Direct Communication of Speech Speaking (Hailing) Trumpet Ear Trumpet Voice Tubes (Speaking Tubes; Voice Pipes) Sound-Powered Telephones Electric Megaphone Nonverbal Audio Communication Communication by Radio 10. Underwater Activities The Dangers of Diving Diving Tables and Hyperbaric Therapy Free ("Breath-Hold"; "Apnea") Diving Diving Accessories Locating a Wreck Lifting a Wreck Salvaging Cannon Preservation and Deterioration Salvage Law and Contracts 11. Diving Bells, Diving Suits, and Submersibles Diving Bell The Lethbridge Diving Engine and the Armored Diving Suit Diving Helmets and Flexible Diving Suits Tethered Manned Submersible Early Autonomous Submersibles (Submarines) Wheeled Submarines 12. Fresh-Air Supply for Underwater Exploration Breathing 101 The Fresh-Air Delivery Problem Pumping Air Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) Compressed Air Tanks in Submersibles Oxygen Generation in Situ Mixed Gas Diving Conclusion Appendix 1. The Grip of Traction-Winches Appendix 2. The Material Properties of Ropes in Nautical Use Appendix 3. The Physics of the Ship''s Rudder Bibliography Index.