List of Contributors xxvii Preface xxxiii 1 Ecosystem Management: Climate Change and Global Sustainability--An Introduction 1 Arnab Banerjee, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Abhishek Raj and Taher Mechergui 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Ecosystem Management 4 1.3 Key Principles Behind Ecosystem Management 6 1.3.1 Importance of Species as a Tool for Ecosystem Management 6 1.3.2 People are the Integral Part of Ecosystem 6 1.
3.3 Recognizing the Need for Knowledge-Based Adaptive Ecosystem Management 7 1.3.4 Application of Precautionary Principle in Ecosystem Management 8 1.3.5 Inter Sectoral Collaboration for Ecosystem Management and Sustainability 8 1.3.6 Making Ecosystem-Based Management a Mainstream Development Approach 9 1.
4 Climate Change and Ecosystem Management 10 1.5 Issues and Challenges of Global Sustainability 12 1.6 Climate Change and Health 13 1.7 Ecosystem Management and Global Sustainability 14 1.7.1 Sustainability of Bioresources 15 1.7.2 Sustainability of Agroecosystem 15 1.
7.3 Energy Resource for Sustainable Harvesting 16 1.7.4 Sustainability Toward Green Economy and Society 16 1.8 Conclusion 16 1.9 Future Perspectives of Ecosystem Management, Climate Change, and Global Sustainability 17 References 18 2 Climate Change Mitigation Through Sustainable and Climate-Smart Agriculture 23 Saikat Mondal and Debnath Palit 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 Climate Change Risks on Global Agriculture System 27 2.
3 The History and Fundamental Principles of Sustainable Agriculture 30 2.4 Climate-Smart Agriculture 32 2.5 Importance of Sustainable and Climate-Smart Agriculture 33 2.5.1 Ensuring Access to Food While Preserving Natural Resources 35 2.5.2 Economic Benefits and Resilience of Smallholder Farmers 35 2.5.
3 Mitigating GHG Emissions 36 2.5.4 Enhancing Agricultural Resilience Through Sustainable and Climate-Smart Agriculture 36 2.5.4.1 Diversification 36 2.5.4.
2 Soil Health 37 2.5.4.3 Water Management 37 2.5.4.4 Agroforestry 37 2.5.
5 Promoting Sustainable Land Management 37 2.5.6 Benefits for Smallholder Farmers 38 2.5.6.1 Increased Productivity and Income 38 2.5.6.
2 Improved Soil Health and Nutrient Management 38 2.5.6.3 Conservation of Natural Resources 38 2.6 Various Climate-Smart Technologies Toward CC Mitigation 39 2.6.1 cc Mitigation Through Conservation Agriculture 39 2.6.
1.1 Soil Carbon Sequestration 39 2.6.1.2 Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions 39 2.6.1.3 Water Conservation 39 2.
6.1.4 Biodiversity Conservation 40 2.6.2 cc Mitigation Through Agroforestry 40 2.6.2.1 Carbon Sequestration 40 2.
6.2.2 Reduced Emissions 40 2.6.2.3 Enhanced Resilience 41 2.6.2.
4 Socio-Economic Benefits 41 2.6.3 Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Organic Farming 41 2.6.3.1 Soil Management 41 2.6.3.
2 Reduced Synthetic Inputs 42 2.6.3.3 Agroforestry and Biodiversity 42 2.6.3.4 Livestock Management 42 2.6.
4 Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Precision Agriculture 42 2.6.4.1 Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions 43 2.6.4.2 Minimizing Methane (CH 4) Emissions 43 2.6.
4.3 Enhancing Carbon Sequestration 43 2.6.5 Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Conservation Agriculture 44 2.6.5.1 Carbon Sequestration 44 2.6.
5.2 Reduced Nitrous Oxide Emissions 44 2.6.5.3 Methane Emissions 44 2.7 Policy Support and International Cooperation 45 2.7.1 Policy Support and International Cooperation for Sustainable and Climate-Smart Agriculture in India 46 2.
8 Future Directives Toward Climate-Smart Practices Toward Sustainable Agriculture 46 2.9 Conclusion 47 References 48 3 Management of Soil Degradation: A Comprehensive Approach for Combating Oil Degradation, Food Insecurity, and Climate Change 55 Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sohail, Hussein Alserae, Ayesha Abdul Qadir, Tajammal Hussain, Predrag Ilic, Sobia Riaz and Zikria Zafar 3.1 Introduction 56 3.2 Soil Degradation: Causes and Extent 57 3.2.1 Soil Salinity 59 3.2.2 Erosion 60 3.
2.3 Polluted Soils 60 3.3 Management of Soil Degradation 61 3.3.1 Salt-Affected Soil 62 3.3.1.1 Scraping, Leaching, and Salt Flushing 62 3.
3.1.2 Chemical Remediation 63 3.3.1.3 Organic and Microbial Remediation 63 3.3.1.
4 Irrigation Management 64 3.3.1.5 Phytoextraction 64 3.3.2 Soil Erosion 64 3.3.2.
1 Afforestation and Vegetative Cover 65 3.3.2.2 Controlled Grazing 65 3.3.2.3 Flood Control 66 3.3.
2.4 Water Conservation 66 3.3.2.5 Fertilizing and Manuring Schemes 66 3.3.3 Soil Pollution 67 3.3.
3.1 Encouragement of Permaculture 67 3.3.3.2 Phytoremediation 68 3.3.3.3 Soil Carbon Pool 68 3.
3.3.4 Education and Awareness 68 3.3.3.5 Avoiding Monoculture 68 3.4 Win-Win Strategies/Effective Resource Utilization in Management of Degraded Soils 69 3.4.
1 Application of Organic Materials 69 3.4.2 Crop Production 70 3.4.3 Carbon Sequestration 70 3.4.4 Soil Degradation Neutralization 71 3.5 Conclusions 71 3.
6 Future Perspective of Combating Land Degradation 72 References 72 4 Green Approaches to Mitigate Climate Change Issues in Indian Subcontinent 79 Jayati Chakraborti, Saikat Mondal and Debnath Palit 4.1 Introduction 80 4.1.1 Climate Change and its Impacts on the Indian Subcontinent 80 4.1.2 The Importance of Adopting Green Approaches to Mitigate cc 81 4.1.2.
1 Reduction of GHG Emissions 82 4.1.2.2 Preservation of Ecosystems and Biodiversity 82 4.1.2.3 Promotion of Renewable Energy 82 4.1.
2.4 Adaptation to CC Impacts 82 4.2 Renewable Energy Initiatives 82 4.2.1 Renewable Energy Initiatives Worldwide 83 4.2.1.1 Paris Agreement (2015) 83 4.
2.1.2 European Green Deal (2019) 83 4.2.1.3 Renewable Energy Standard in California (2002) 83 4.2.1.
4 Feed-in Tariffs in Germany 83 4.2.2 Renewable Energy Initiatives in India 83 4.2.2.1 National Solar Mission 84 4.2.2.
2 Wind Energy Development 84 4.2.2.3 Hydroelectric Power 84 4.2.2.4 Bioenergy Initiatives 84 4.2.
3 Role of Different Green Energy in Reducing GHG Emissions 85 4.2.3.1 Solar Power 85 4.2.3.2 Wind Power 86 4.2.
3.3 Hydroelectric Power 86 4.2.4 Government Policies and Initiatives Promoting Renewable Energy 87 4.2.4.1 Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and Feed-In Tariffs (FiTs) 89 4.2.
4.2 Investment Tax Credits (ITCs) and Production Tax Credits (PTCs) 89 4.2.4.3 Renewable Energy Standards and Targets 89 4.2.4.4 Green Energy Certificates and Tradable Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) 89 4.
2.5 Government Policies in Indian Subcontinent for Promotion of Nonconventional and Renewable Energy Sources 90 4.2.5.1 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (jnnsm) 90 4.2.5.2 Wind Power Policy 90 4.
2.5.3 National Biofuel Policy 90 4.2.5.4 Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) 90 4.3 Sustainable Agriculture Practices 91 4.3.
1 Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Mitigating CCs 91 4.3.1.1 Conservation Agriculture 91 4.3.1.2 Agroforestry 91 4.3.
1.3 Precision Agriculture 91 4.3.1.4 Organic Farming 91 4.3.1.5 Water Management 92 4.
3.1.6 Livestock Management 92 4.3.2 Significance of Sustainable Agriculture in Mitigating CC in Indian Subcontinent 92 4.3.2.1 GHG Emissions 92 4.
3.2.2 Carbon Sequestration 92 4.3.2.3 Climate Resilience 93 4.3.2.
4 Water Conservation 93 4.3.2.5 Livelihoods and Food Security 93 4.3.3 Organic Farming, Agroforestry, and Precision Agriculture as Green Approaches 93 4.3.3.
1 Organic Farming 93 4.3.3.2 Agroforestry 93 4.3.3.3 Precision Agriculture 94 4.3.
4 Benefits and Challenges of Adopting Sustainable Agriculture Practices 94 4.3.4.1 Knowledge and Awareness Gap 94 4.3.4.2 Financial Constraints 94 4.3.
4.3 Policy and Institutional Support 94 4.3.4.4 Market Access and Demand 95 4.3.4.5 Social and Cultural Factors 95 4.
4 Forest Conservation and Reforestation in CC Mitigation 95 4.4.1 Role of Forests in Carbon Sequestration and Biodiversity Conservation 96 4.4.2 Focuses on Forest Conservation, Afforestation, and Reforestation in Indian Subcontinent 96 4.4.2.1 Green India Mission (GIM) 96 4.
4.2.2 National Afforestation Program (NAP) 96 4.4.2.3 Joint Forest Management (JFM) 97 4.4.2.
4 Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (campa) 97 4.4.2.5 Aranyaani 97 4.5 Waste Management and Circular Economy as Green Approach 97 4.5.1 Waste-to-Energy Projects, Recycling Initiatives, and Sustainable Waste Management Practices in Indian Subcontinent 98 4.5.
1.1 Waste-to-Energy Projects 98 4.5.1.2 Recycling Initiatives 100 4.5.1.3 Sustainable Waste Management Practices 100 4.
6 Green Transportation and Green Urban Planning 101 4.6.1 Role of Green Transportation and Green Urban Planning in CC and Air Pollution 101 4.6.2 Green Transportation Initiatives, Including Electric Vehicles and Improved Public Transportation and Urban Planning in Indian Subcontinent 101 4.6.2.1 Electric Vehicles (EVs) 101 4.
6.2.2 Improved Public Transportation: Metro Rail Systems 102 4.6.2.3 Urban Planning.