Preface Chapter 1: Semiconductors Strain Dependence on the Threshold Current between InP Substrate and InP/Si Substrate LDs Advancements in MOSFET Channel Materials a Comparative Review FinFET vs Planar MOSFET: A Performance-Based Comparative Study Morphology-Dependent Magnetism and Raman Modes Induced by Surface-Disorder and Cation-Site Defects in Indium-Substituted SnO2 Thin Films Comparative Analysis of Dual Dopants in Nickel Oxide: Unraveling the Impact of MgRu vs MgCu on Dielectric Properties Chapter 2: Composites Effect of Particle Size Variation on the Microstructure, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of TiNi-Nano Silica Reinforced Composites Multifunctional Lignin/Natural Rubber Composite Films for Sustainable Nitrogen Delivery in Agriculture Chapter 3: Materials and Techniques in Civil Engineering Thermal Efficiency of Polystyrene-Filled Concrete Blocks in Residential Buildings: A Case Study in Al Amarah City Optimizing PCM-Enhanced Multi-Layer Roofs for Nearly Zero Energy Building Performance in Arid Climates Chapter 4: Waste Recycling Nickel Recovery from Spent Catalyst as Active Material in Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Cathode Synthesis Synthesis and Characterization of Prussian Blue and Oxide Red Pigments from Metal Waste Bioplastic Films Derived from Corn Cob Waste and ZnO from Battery Waste: Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity.