Preface 5 Acknowledgments 8 About the Author List of Tables List of Figures Syllabus 16 1. The Art of Embedded Computers 27 Overview of Embedded Computers and Their Interdisciplinarity 28 * Computer vs. Embedded Computer Programming and Application Development 28 * Group 1: Programmable Logic Devices 30 * Group 2: Reconfigurable Computers 30 * Group 3: Microcomputers 31 * Group 4: Single-Board Computers 32 * Group5: Mobile Computing Devices 33 TPACK Analysis Toward Teaching and Learning Microcomputers 34 * TPACK Analysis of the Interdisciplinary Microcontroller Technology 34 * Content Knowledge (The What) 35 * Technology Knowledge (The Why) 36 * Pedagogical Knowledge (The How) 38 From Computational Thinking (CT) to Micro-CT (μCT) 40 * CT Requirement and Embedded Computers 40 * Microcomputers and Abstraction Process 41 * The μCT Concept: An Onion Learning Framework 43 * "Transparent" Teaching Methods 45 The Impact of Microcontroller Technology on the Maker Industry 48 * Hardware Advancement in μC Technology 48 * Software Advancement in μC Technology 52 * The Impact of the Arduino on the μC community 52 Where Is Creativity in Embedded Computing Devices Hidden? 56 * Creativity in Mobile Computing Devices: Travel Light, Innovate Readily! 56 * Communication with the Outside World: Sensors, Actuators, and Interfaces 58 Conclusion 60 2. Embedded Programming with Arduino 61 Number Representation and Special-Function Codes 62 Arduino and C Common Language Reference 66 Working with Data (Variables, Constants, and Arrays) 68 * Arduino UART Interface to the Outside World (Printing Data) 70 * Arduino Ex.2-1 70 * Arduino Ex.2-2 76 Program Flow of Control (Arithmetic and Bitwise Operations) 79 * Arduino UART Interface (Flow of Control and Arithmetic/Bitwise Examples) 84 * Arduino Ex.2-3 84 * Arduino Ex.2-4 86 * Arduino Ex.

2-5 86 * Arduino Ex.2-6 91 * Arduino Ex.2-7 96 Code Decomposition (Functions and Directives) 102 * Arduino Ex.2-8 102 Conclusion 106 * Problem 2-1 (Data Output from the μC Device: Datatypes and Bytes Reserved by the hw) 106 * Problem 2-2 (Data Output from the μC Device: Logical Operators in Control Flow) 106 * Problem 2-3 (Data Input to the μC Device: Arithmetic and Bitwise Operations) 106 * Problem 2-4 (Code Decomposition) 106 3. Hardware Interface with the Outside World 107 Digital Pin Interface 108 * Arduino Ex.3-1 108 * Arduino Ex.3-2 110 * Arduino Ex.3-3 115 * Arduino Ex.

3-4 115 * Arduino Ex.3-5 116 Analog Pin Interface 120 * Arduino Ex.3-6 122 * Arduino Ex.3-7 124 Interrupt Pin Interface 127 * Arduino Ex.3-8 127 UART Serial Interface 130 * Arduino Ex.3-9 131 * Arduino Ex.3-10 132 * Arduino Ex.3-11 133 SPI Serial Interface 136 * Arduino Ex.

3-12 138 * Arduino Ex.3-13 145 * Arduino Ex.3-14 150 * Arduino Ex.3-15 156 I2C Serial Interface 158 * Arduino Ex.3-16 160 * Arduino Ex.3-17 166 * Arduino Ex.3-18 171 * Arduino Ex.3-19 179 Conclusion 184 * Problem 3-1 (Data Input and Output to/from the μC Using Push-Button and LED IO Units) 184 * Problem 3-2 (PWM) 184 * Problem 3-3 (UART, SPI, I2C) 184 4.

Sensors and Data Acquisition 185 Environmental Measurements with the Arduino Uno 186 * Arduino Ex.4-1 186 * DAQ Accompanying Software of the Ex.4-1 193 * DAQ Accompanying Software with Graphical Monitoring Feature via gnuplot 202 * Arduino Ex.4-2 206 Orientation, Motion, and Gesture Detection with Teensy 3.2 210 * Arduino Ex.4-3 210 * Arduino Ex.4-4 213 * Arduino Ex.4-5 215 * Arduino Ex.

4-6 222 * DAQ Accompanying Software for Orientation, Motion, and Gesture Detection with gnuplot 230 * Real-Time Monitoring with Open GL 233 Distance Detection and 1D Gesture Recognition with TinyZero 239 * Arduino Ex.4-7 240 * Arduino Ex.4-8 244 * DAQ Accompanying Software for Distance Measurements 248 Color Sensing and Wireless Monitoring with Micro:bit 250 * Arduino Ex.4-9 250 * Arduino Ex.4-10 255 * Open GL Example Applying to RGB Sensing 258 * Arduino Ex.4-11 261 Conclusion 266 * Problem 4-1 (Data Acquisition of Atmospheric Pressure) 266 * Problem 4-2 (Fusion of Linear Acceleration and Barometric Altitude) 266 * Problem 4-3 (1D Gesture Recognition) 266 * Problem 4-4 (Color Sensing) 266 5. Tinkering and Prototyping with 3D Printing Technology 267 Tinkering with a Low-Cost RC Car 268 * Arduino Ex.5-1 273 * Arduino Ex5-2 277 A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play 280 * Hardware Boards of the Prototype System 281 * Assembly Process of the 3D Printed Parts of the System''s Enclosure 285 * Firmware Code Design and User Instructions 292 * Arduino Ex.

5-3 293 * Arduino Ex.5-4 296 * Arduino Ex.5-5 299 * Arduino Ex.5-6 303 3D Printing 306 * Modeling 3D Objects with FreeCAD Software 306 * Preparing the 3D Prints with Ultimaker Cura Software 313 * 3D Printing with Prima Creator P120 317 * Presentation of the Rest 3D Models of the Prototype Interactive Game 323 Prototype B (Modeling the battery.stl Part) Prototype C (Modeling the booster.stl Part) Prototype D (Modeling the speaker.stl Part) Prototype E (Modeling the cover.stl Part) Prototype F (Modeling the button.

stl Part) Prototype G (Modeling the sensor.stl.Part) Prototype H (Modeling the sensor.stl Part) Conclusion 341 * Problem 5-1 (Tinkering with a Low-Cost RC Car) 341 * Problem 5-2 (A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play) 341 * Problem 5-3 (A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play) 341 * Problem 5-4 (A Prototype Interactive Game for Sensory Play) 341 * Problem 5-5 (3D Printing) 341 References 347 Appendix: List of Abbreviations 343.