List of Contributors xvii Preface xxi Section I Fundamentals in Human-AI Collaboration 1 1 Human Interaction with Intelligent Automation: A Continuum of AI Levels from Which Designers and Users Can Choose 3 Thomas B. Sheridan and William B. Rouse 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Background 3 1.3 Human Interaction with Intelligent Automation 7 1.4 Three Scenarios 10 1.5 Discussion 13 1.
6 Conclusions 15 2 Human-AI Interaction Fundamentals 17 George Margetis, Stavroula Ntoa, Asterios Leonidis, and Constantine Stephanidis 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Human-Centered AI 18 2.3 Interaction Styles 22 2.4 Interaction Contexts 25 2.5 HCI Aspects in Human-AI Interaction 28 2.6 Summary and Conclusions 31 3 Human-AI Interaction Fundamentals 41 Woei-Chyi Chang, Sogand Hasanzadeh, and Vincent G. Duffy 3.
1 Introduction 41 3.2 Entities Involved in Human-AI Interaction 41 3.3 Human-AI Interaction Levels 44 3.4 Critical Elements of Human-AI Interaction 45 3.5 Conclusions 51 4 Guidelines for Human-AI Interaction and User Experience 57 Helmut Degen 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Social Needs 59 4.3 Guidelines to Address Selected Common Social Needs 65 4.
4 Discussion and Future Outlook 81 5 Human Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence 91 Peiran Liu and Denny Yu 5.1 Characterizing Similarities and Differences Today 91 5.2 Limitations in Human and Artificial Intelligence Today 96 5.3 Trustworthiness 100 6 Advances in Human-AI Collaboration: Training with AI Support 107 Yubin Xie, Siu Shing Man, Ronggang Zhou, and Alan Hoi Shou Chan 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Application of AI in Training 113 6.3 Case Studies of Training with AI Support 117 6.
4 Summary 118 7 Human-AI Teaming 123 Tianyi Yuan, Minqian Yang, Dian Yu, and Pei-Luen Patrick Rau 7.1 Theoretical Foundations 123 7.2 Decision-Making Process in Human-AI Teaming 126 7.3 Communication in Human-AI Teaming 128 7.4 Trust 130 7.5 Explainability and Explainable AI in Human-AI Teaming 132 7.6 Ethical and Social Implications 133 8 Human Teaming with Automation and Advanced Agents 143 Barrett S. Caldwell, Rua M.
Williams, and C. Nuela Enebechi 8.1 Introduction 143 8.2 Clarifying Automation and Autonomy 144 8.3 Teaming Metaphors and Models 146 8.4 Dynamics of Expertise and Function Allocation 148 8.5 Challenges in Ascribing Trust Dynamics 151 8.6 Impacts of Culture and Bias 152 8.
7 Conclusion: Design for Robust and Resilient Human-Agent Teams 154 9 Integrating Generative Design and Ergonomics: A Data-Driven Approach with Digital Manikins 159 H. Onan Demirel, Xingang Li, and Zhenghui Sha 9.1 Introduction 159 9.2 Literature Review 161 9.3 Methodology 163 9.4 Result 165 9.5 Discussions 167 9.6 Conclusions 169 Section II Application of Human-AI Collaboration 173 10 AI-Enabled Accessible Travel in Autonomous Vehicles: Promises, Perceptions, and Prototypes 175 Brandon J.
Pitts, Qiyue Wang, and Bradley S. Duerstock 10.1 Introduction 175 10.2 Travel-Limiting Disabilities and Challenges with Current Transportation Systems 176 10.3 Development of Autonomous and Shared Vehicles 177 10.4 Perceptions of AVs and SAVs 179 10.5 Interactions with AVs and SAVs 182 10.6 Technologies and AI Solutions to Overcome Barriers to Using AVs 185 10.
7 Case Study: The EASI RIDER Innovation 188 10.8 Future Research and Development Needs 193 10.9 Conclusion 193 11 Cobot: Collaborative Robots 201 Li Liu 11.1 The Origins and Development of Collaborative Robots 201 11.2 Technical Foundations of Cobots 204 11.3 Application Scenarios of Cobots 207 11.4 The Future of Collaborative Robots 211 11.5 Summary 214 12 AI Chat-Based Customer Services and Systems 217 Qin Gao and Jinhan Zhang 12.
1 Introduction 217 12.2 Development of AI Chatbots in Customer Services 218 12.3 Customer Service Affordances of AI Chatbots 219 12.4 Factors Affecting Consumer Experience with AI Chatbots 225 12.5 Impacts of AI Chatbots on Customer Service Experience 229 12.6 AI Chatbot in Public Services 230 12.7 Challenges of Using AI Chatbot 232 12.8 Conclusions 233 13 AI in Healthcare and Medicine 239 Tianrong Chen, Zhenzhen Xie, and Calvin Or 13.
1 Introduction 239 13.2 What Is AI? 240 13.3 AI in Healthcare 241 13.4 AI in Medicine 245 13.5 Considerations and Challenges 249 13.6 Future Trends and Opportunities 252 13.7 Conclusions 252 14 AI in Human Resource Management 263 Xinyu Fu, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Songbo Liu, Kairui Zhang, Zixin Huang, Ruilin Zheng, and Weiqi Xie 14.1 AI-Driven Human Resource Processes 264 14.
2 How AI Reshapes Team Dynamics 272 14.3 Ethical Considerations and Challenges 274 15 Kansei Engineering: Current Challenges and Future Trends with Advances in Artificial Intelligence 287 Qing-Xing Qu, Fu Guo, and Vincent G. Duffy 15.1 Introduction 287 15.2 Advances in Intelligence Product Development 289 15.3 Kansei Design in Different Interaction Modalities 292 15.4 Challenges Encountered and Opportunities for Future Research 295 15.5 Conclusions 296 16 AI in Collaborative Writing 303 Nina Jiang and Vincent G.
Duffy 16.1 Introduction 303 16.2 Literature Review 304 16.3 Fundamentals in Machine Learning and Text Generation 309 16.4 User Perception of the Machine Role 311 16.5 Strategies for Moving Beyond Passive Writing Assistance 313 16.6 Collaborative Writing Best Practice Examples 314 16.7 Discussion 315 16.
8 Conclusion 318 17 Addressing AI Vulnerabilities Through Human-Centered Approaches and Risk Frameworks 325 Sarvesh Sawant, Aasish Bhanu, Beau G. Schelble, and Kapil Chalil Madathil 17.1 Introduction 325 17.2 Types of AI Vulnerabilities 328 17.3 Mitigating AI Vulnerabilities Through Human-Centered Design 331 17.4 Summary 335 References 335 Index 341.