Diagnose and correct optical aberrations with rigorous theoretical depth Aberrations in optical systems distort images and degrade instrument performance, yet thorough analytical treatment of these imperfections remains scarce. Lens Design for Imaging: Volume 2: Aberration Theory provides a detailed examination of primary and higher-order aberrations, authored by Herbert Gross, who works 30 years on optical system design at Carl Zeiss AG and 12 years of academic research at the University of Jena. The volume covers aberration expansion, ray and wave aberrations, vectorial aberration theory and diffraction related quality descriptions -- topics not commonly consolidated in a single reference. It also addresses pupil aberrations, sine condition, aberrations of special components and caused by polarization, equipping readers with the analytical tools required to diagnose optical imperfections and systematically improve system performance in high-precision design applications. Key topics include: Primary and higher-order aberration analysis with detailed mathematical treatment for systematic classification and assessment of optical image imperfections Vectorial aberration theory providing advanced frameworks for modeling off-axis and non-rotationally symmetric optical system configurations Wave aberration formalism connecting wavefront deviations to image quality metrics used in precision optical engineering and tolerancing Pupil aberrations and sine condition essential for understanding vignetting, telecentricity, and field-dependent performance across optical designs Aberrations of special components addressing unique correction challenges encountered in non-standard elements and configurations Physical related aberrations including irradiance and polarization effects Lens Design for Imaging: Volume 2: Aberration Theory serves physicists, optical engineers, and researchers in the optical industry who require a rigorous analytical framework for understanding and correcting aberrations. It provides the theoretical depth needed to advance high-precision optical system design and performance optimization.