1. Introduction to Optical and Electrochemical Sensors in Biomedical Applications 2. Fundamentals of Optical Sensors in Biomedicine 3. Advanced Technologies in Biosensing and Bioanalytical Detection: A data driven approach 4. Electrochemical Sensors in Biomedical Applications: Theory and Design 5. 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) Sensors in Biomedical Applications 6. Microstructure Analysis Techniques for Sensor Enhancement 7. Microstructure-Enhanced Sensors in Biomedical Imaging 8.

Challenges and Emerging Trends in Biomedical Sensor Technology 9. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation and an approach to property-driven investigations in optical materials 10. Biomedical applications of electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials 11. Nanostructured electrodes based on ZnO for electrochemical and biosensor applications in biomedicine 12. Electrochemical sensors for pharmacological and therapeutic applications using magnetic nanoparticles 13. Biomedical applications of conductive polymer-based sensors 14. Recent Advancements in optical sensors for biomedical diagnostics 15. Graphene as a biosensor electrode: A main path analysis 16.

Synthesis, characteristics, and uses of graphene quantum dots in optical and electrochemical sensors 17. Application of plasmonic biosensors in the detection of disease biomarkers 18. Synthesis and characterization of polymeric nanocomposites for optical sensing applications 19. Conclusion and Future Directions.