This book answers important questions such as: How is carbon related to the origin of life? Do all carbon allotropes have the same origin? How is carbon machined in the micro/nano regime? What are carbon micro/nano devices? How are polymers carbonized without burning? Where is Fullerene in carbon's phase diagram? Does sp 2.28 hybridization state exist? How is porous graphene different from glassy carbon? Can graphene be converted into diamond? What are rhombohedral and turbostratic graphites? What is microstructural conversion? How is carbon graphitized? Is carbon really biocompatible?.