Preface xvii Acknowledgment xix 1 Public Safety Networks from TETRA to Commercial Cellular Networks 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Evaluation of TETRA and TETRAPOL 3 1.3 Understanding TETRA Modes of Operation 4 1.3.1 TETRA Security 4 1.3.2 Evaluating the Challenge of Data Transmission and Possible Solutions on TETRA Networks 5 1.
3.3 Comparing Public Safety Networks to the Commercial Cellular Networks 6 1.3.3.1 Services 6 1.3.3.2 Networks 6 1.
3.4 How to Overcome These Differences 7 1.3.4.1 Limitations of TETRA 7 1.3.4.2 Need for Broadband 8 1.
4 Unifying the Two Worlds of Public Safety Networks and Commercial Networks 8 1.4.1 User Requirements 8 1.4.2 Public Safety Network Migration 9 1.4.3 Deployment Models 9 1.5 The Transition from TETRA to LTE and the Current Initiatives 10 1.
5.1 Network Softwarization 10 1.5.2 LTE Technology for Public Safety Communications 10 1.5.3 LTE as a Public Safety Mobile Broadband Standard 11 1.5.4 Security Enhancements for Public Safety LTE Features 11 1.
6 Conclusion 12 References 12 2 Public Safety Networks Evolution Toward Broadband and Interoperability 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.1.1 Communication Technology 15 2.1.2 Wireless Communication Systems 16 2.1.3 Government Involvement 17 2.
2 Evolution to Broadband Systems 18 2.2.1 Determining Factors 19 2.2.2 Evolution Process 21 2.2.3 Broadband System Architecture 22 2.2.
4 Advantages of Broadband Systems 25 2.3 Interoperability 28 2.3.1 Developing an Interoperability Public Safety System 28 2.3.2 Platform and Technology 29 2.3.3 Benefits of Evolution 32 2.
4 Conclusion 33 2.5 Recommendations 34 References 35 3 Public Safety Communication Evolution 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.1.1 Public Safety Network and Emergency Communication Networks 37 3.2 Public Safety Standardization 39 3.3 Evolution of Public Safety Communication 39 3.3.
1 Mission-Critical Voice 40 3.3.2 Mission-Critical Data 41 3.3.3 Requirements for Evolution in Communications 42 3.4 Public Safety Networks 43 3.4.1 Land Mobile Radio Systems (LMRS) 44 3.
4.1.1 SAFECOM Interoperability Continuum 46 3.4.1.2 Wireless Broadband 46 3.4.1.
3 Wi-Fi in Ambulances 47 3.4.1.4 Satellite Communications in EMS and Public Protection and Disaster Relief PPDR 47 3.4.1.5 Technology in Patrol Communications 48 3.4.
1.6 Video Cameras 48 3.4.2 Drivers of the Broadband Evolution 49 3.5 4G and 4G LTE 50 3.5.1 Benefits of 4G LTE in Public Safety Communication 51 3.6 Fifth Generation (5G) 52 3.
6.1 Performance Targets and Benefits of 5G 55 3.6.1.1 Security and Reliability 55 3.6.1.2 Traffic Prioritization and Network Slicing 55 3.
6.1.3 Facial Recognition and License Plate Scanning in 5G 55 3.6.1.4 Support for Sensor Proliferation and IoT 56 3.6.1.
5 Reduction of Trips Back to the Station 56 3.7 Applying 4G and 5G Networks in Public Safety 57 3.7.1 The Right Time to Implement 3GPP in Public Safety 59 3.7.1.1 3GPP 59 3.7.
2 4G LTE as a Basis for Public Safety Communication Implementation 61 3.7.3 Implementation of 5G in Public Safety 61 3.8 Conclusion 61 References 62 4 Keys to Building a Reliable Public Safety Communications Network 67 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Supporting the Law Enforcement Elements of Communication 67 4.3 Components of Efficient Public Safety Communication Networks 68 4.4 Networks Go Commercial 68 4.
5 Viable Business Prospects 69 4.5.1 The Core Network 69 4.5.2 The Radio Network 69 4.6 The Industry Supports the Involvement of the Mobile Network Operators 70 4.7 Policies for Public Safety Use of Commercial Wireless Networks 71 4.8 Public Safety Networks Coverage: Availability and Reliability Even During Outages 72 4.
9 FirstNet Interoperability 72 4.10 Solutions for Enhancing Availability and Reliability Even During Outages 73 4.11 National Public Safety Broadband Network (NPSBN) 73 4.12 Important Objectives of NPSBN 74 4.13 The Future of FirstNet: Connecting Networks Together 75 4.14 High Capacity Information Delivery 76 4.15 Qualities that Facilitate Efficient High Capacity Information Handling 77 4.15.
1 FirstNet Has a Trustworthy Security System 77 4.15.2 Concentrated Network Performance 77 4.15.3 Simple and Scalable 77 4.15.4 High Level of Vulnerability Safeguards 77 4.16 FirstNet User Equipment 77 4.
17 Core Network 78 4.18 Illustration: Layers of the LTE Network 78 4.18.1 Transport Backhaul 79 4.18.2 The Radio Access Networks 79 4.18.3 Public Safety Devices 79 References 80 5 Higher Generation of Mobile Communications and Public Safety 81 5.
1 Introduction 81 5.2 Review of Existing Public Safety Networks 81 5.2.1 What are LMR Systems? 82 5.2.2 Services Offered by LMR Systems 83 5.2.3 Adoption of Advanced Technologies to Supplement LMR 83 5.
2.4 Trunked Digital Network 84 5.2.4.1 TETRAPOL Communication System 84 5.2.4.2 The TETRA Communication System 85 5.
3 Is 4G LTE Forming a Good Enough Basis for Public Safety Implementations? 85 5.3.1 Multi-Path Approach and the Convergence of Mission-Critical Communication 85 5.3.2 Technical Aspects of LTE 86 5.4 Is It Better to Wait for 5G Before Starting Public Safety Implementations? 87 5.5 Will 5G Offer a Better Service than 4G for Public Safety? 88 5.5.
1 The Internet of Things and 5G 88 5.5.2 5G Technical Aspects 89 5.5.3 5G Network Costs 90 5.5.4 Key Corner Cases for 5G 90 5.5.
5 Localization in 5G Networks 91 5.6 What is the Linkage Between 4G-5G Evolution and the Spectrum for Public Safety? 91 5.6.1 The Linkage Between 4G-5G Evolutions 91 5.6.2 Spectrum for Public Safety 92 5.7 Conclusion 94 References 95 6 Roadmap Toward a Network Infrastructure for Public Safety and Security 97 6.1 Introduction 97 6.
2 Evolution Toward Broadband 97 6.2.1 Existing Situation 98 6.3 Requirements for Public Safety Networks 99 6.3.1 Network Requirements 100 6.3.2 Priority Control 100 6.
4 Public Safety Standardization 100 6.5 Flawless Mobile Broadband for Public Safety and Security 101 6.6 Applications in Different Scenarios 102 6.7 Public Safety Systems and Architectures 103 6.7.1 Airwave 103 6.7.2 LMR 104 6.
7.3 TETRA Security Analysis 105 6.7.4 TETRA Services System 106 6.7.5 The Architecture of TETRA 106 6.7.5.
1 The Interfaces of TETRA Network 106 6.7.6 TETRA Network Components 106 6.7.6.1 The Mobile Station 108 6.7.6.
2 TETRA Line Station 108 6.7.6.3 The Switching Management Infrastructure 108 6.7.6.4 Network Management Unit 108 6.7.
6.5 The Gateways 108 6.7.6.6 How the TETRA System Operates 108 6.7.7 TETRA Mobility Management 109 6.7.
8 The Security of TETRA Networks 109 6.7.8.1 Confidentiality 109 6.7.8.2 Integrity 109 6.7.
8.3 Reliability 109 6.7.8.4 Non-repudiation 109 6.7.8.5 Authentication 110 6.
7.9 The Process of Authentication in TETRA 110 6.7.10 The Authentication Key 110 6.7.11 Symmetric Key Algorithms 110 6.7.12 The Process of Authentication Key Generation 111 6.
7.12.1 ESN (In United Kingdom) 111 6.8 Emergency Services Network (ESN) in the United Kingdom 112 6.8.1 Overview of the ESN 112 6.8.2 The Deliverables of ESN 112 6.
8.3 The Main Deliverables of ESN 112 6.9 SafeNet in South Korea 113 6.10 FirstNet (in USA) 115 6.10.1 The Benefits of FirstNet 117 6.10.2 Public Safety Core of SafetyNet 117 6.
10.2.1 End-to-End Encryption 117 6.10.3 Round the Clock Security Surveillance 118 6.10.4 User Authentication 118 6.10.
5 Mission Critical Functionalities 118 6.10.5.1 Tactical LTE Coverage 118 6.11 Canadian Interoperability Technology Interest Group (CITIG) 118 6.12 Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety (CDMPS) at the University of Melbourne 119 6.13 European Emergency Number Association (EENA) 120 6.13.
1 European Standardization Organization (ESO) 121 6.13.2 Public Safety Communications - Europe (PSCE) 121 6.13.3 The Critical Communications Association (TCCA) 121 6.14 Public Safety Network from LTE to 5G 122 6.15 Convergence Solution for LTE and TETRA for Angola''s National Communications Network 124 6.15.
1 The Objectives of the Project 124 6.15.2 Advantages of the LTE-TETRA Solutions 124 6.15.3 Illustration: Before Integration and After Integration 125 6.15.4 Overview of LTE Technology 125 6.16 5GWireless Network and Public Safety Perspective 126 6.
16.1 Waiting for 5G for Public Safety Implementation 127 6.17 The Linkage Between 4G and 5G Evolution 128 6.17.1 Connecting 4G and 5G Solutions for Public Safety 128 6.17.2 Deploying LTE Public Safety Networks 129 6.18 Conclusion 129 References 130 7 Bringing Public Safety Communications into the 21st Century 133 7.
1 Emerging Technologies with Life-Saving Potential 133 7.1.1 Artificial Intelligence 134 7.1.2 The Internet of Things (IoT) 136 7.1.3 Blockchain 138 References 139 8 4G.