Preface xi Introduction of Triboelectric Nanogenerator 1 I.1 What is a Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)? 1 I.2 First-Principle Theoretical Model 1 I.3 Equivalent Circuit Models and Basic Operation Modes 2 I.4 Energy Conversion and Electromechanical Coupling Models 19 I.5 Summary 21 References 21 1 Models of Triboelectric Effect 25 1.1 Introduction 25 1.2 Thermionic Emission Method 26 1.
3 Material-Dependent Charge Transfer Mechanism and Model 29 1.4 Liquid-Solid Contact Electrification Mechanism 32 1.5 Environmental and Material Effects on Charge Transfer 34 1.6 Potential Applications 37 1.7 Summary 38 References 38 2 Discharge Effects in TENG 45 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Theoretical Studies of Breakdown Discharge in Contact-Separation-Based TENGs 49 2.3 Experimental Verification and Quantitative Measurements 49 2.
4 Photon Generation 56 2.5 Potential Applications 58 2.6 Summary 58 References 59 3 Figure-of-Merit of Triboelectric Nanogenerator 61 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Effective Maximized Energy Output 62 3.3 Figure-of-Merit 67 3.4 Output Energy Density 70 3.5 Environmental and Techno-Economic Analysis 72 3.
6 Potential Applications 74 3.7 Summary 74 References 74 4 Output Promotion by Environment 79 4.1 High Vacuum Environment 79 4.2 High Atmospheric Pressure and High-Breakdown-Limit Gas Environments 80 4.3 Interfacial Liquid Lubrication 83 4.4 Humidity 86 4.5 Summary 89 References 89 5 DC-TENG: A New Paradigm 93 5.1 Introduction 93 5.
2 Basic Principle 94 5.3 Physical Model 95 5.4 Optimization Methods for DC-TENG 96 5.5 DC-TENG for Energy Harvesting 103 5.6 DC-TENG for Self-Powered Sensing 105 5.7 Hybrid of AC-TENG and DC-TENG 106 5.8 Summary 109 References 110 6 Promotion of Contact Electrification at Liquid-Solid Interface 113 6.1 Introduction 113 References 120 7 Output Promotion of Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Electromechanical Structures 125 7.
1 Introduction 125 7.2 Charge Excitation Mechanism 128 7.3 Other Promotion Strategies 135 7.4 Summary 140 References 141 8 Power Management and Effective Energy Storage 145 8.1 Introduction 145 8.2 Theoretical Basis of Energy Management for TENG 147 8.3 Mechanical Switched Converter 150 8.4 Electronic Switch Converter 159 8.
5 Transformer Converter 165 8.6 Conclusion and Perspective 167 References 170 9 Tribotronics 175 9.1 Introduction 175 9.2 Tribo-Potential 176 9.3 Triboelectricity Modulate Field Effect 177 9.4 Tribotronic Transistor 181 9.5 Tribotronic Functional Devices 186 9.6 Conclusion 196 References 198 10 Tribophotonics 203 10.
1 Introduction 203 10.2 Tribophotonics: Concept, Origin, Characteristics, and Potential Applications 205 10.3 Tribo-Induced EM-Wave Generation (TIEG) 207 10.4 Tribo-Induced Light Propagation Tuning (TILPT) 215 10.5 Triboelectrification-Induced Electroluminescence (TIEL) 220 10.6 Tribo-Assisted Spectrometry (TAS) 225 10.7 Potential Applications and Perspectives 227 10.8 Challenges and Summary 228 References 229 11 TENG-Based Wearable Biomechanical Sensors and Human-Machine Interface 237 11.
1 Introduction 237 11.2 TENG-Based Biomedical Sensing 238 11.3 TENG-Based Human-Machine Interface 245 11.4 Summary 254 References 254 12 TENG as the High-Voltage Source 259 12.1 Introduction 259 12.2 Overview of Materials and Universal Methods for TENG''s Performance Enhancement 261 12.3 Artificial Muscle Based on Dielectric Elastomer and TENG 268 12.4 Microactuators Based on Piezoelectric Ceramics and TENG 272 12.
5 Materials Polarized by the High Voltage Output From TENG 273 12.6 Electrostatic Manipulator Driven by TENG 278 12.7 Electrostatic Adsorption and Air Cleaning Based on TENG 282 12.8 Electronic Excitation and Ion Generation Powered by TENG 287 12.9 Summary and Perspectives 294 References 296 Index 299.