Preface ix About the Companion Website xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1 Predesign and Context 1 The Built Environment's Role 1 Sense of Place 3 Evolving Design Standards 3 Evidence- Based Design (EBD) 4 Human-Centered Design (HCD) 4 Global Context 5 Integrative Design 6 Case or Precedent Studies 8 In Conclusion 9 Additional Resources 9 Related Theories 10 Chapter 2 Health, Wellbeing + Biophilia 13 Health and Wellbeing 13 Elements of Health + Wellbeing 14 Biophilia 18 Integrating Biophilic Elements 24 Attributes + Elements of Biophilia 24 Indirect Experience with Nature 26 Experience of Space and Place 28 In Summary 29 Additional Resources for Further Study 29 Chapter 3 Important Influencing Factors 33 Building Codes 33 Basic ADA Barrier- Free Design Standards 35 Travel and Egress 36 Toilets and Lavatories 39 Furniture Planning and Placement 44 Site, Climate, and Sun Path 45 Sustainable Design Strategies 47 Sustainable Rating or Design Systems 52 Additional Resources for Further Study 56 Chapter 4 Planning Methodology 59 The Synthesis Gap 60 The Synthesis Gap Expanded 62 Criteria Matrix 69 Square Footage Requirements + Prototypical Plan Sketches 71 Completing the Criteria Matrix 73 Variations 78 A Final Note on Planning Methodology 79 Additional Resources 80 Design Program 2S-- (3,250 s.f.) 80 Chapter 5 The First Planning Steps 85 Adjacency or Relationship Diagrams 86 Bubble Diagramming 89 Block Planning 92 Additional Resources 96 Chapter 6 The Building Shell and Major Systems 99 Building Shell or Exterior Envelope 100 Structural Systems 101 The Building Configuration 103 Historical and Cultural Considerations 103 Plumbing Systems 105 HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) Systems 108 Artificial Lighting 111 Acoustics 111 Resilient And Adaptive Design 115 Additional Resources 116 Chapter 7 Vertical Circulation: Stair Design Basics 117 Function, Purpose, and History 118 Stair Design 122 Fire or Emergency Exit Stairs 128 Typical Stair Materials 130 Lighting Considerations 131 Classic Stair Configurations 131 Exterior Stairs 132 Stair Drawing Basics 135 Ramps 138 Elevators 139 Escalators 142 Additional Resources 145 Chapter 8 Developing a Rough Floor Plan 147 Construction Reality 147 Getting Started 148 Start with Plumbing and Structure 149 Major Functions or Spaces Next 150 Circulation Spaces 151 Basic Room Allocations 152 Door Swings 154 Furniture and Equipment Placement 154 Storage and Filing 155 Spatial Quality 156 Objective Review 158 Revisions and Alternate Attempts 160 Refining the Solution for Presentation 161 Refining the Rough Plan 162 Additional Resources 165 Chapter 9 Developing Skills Beyond the Basic Level 167 Larger and More Complex Spaces 167 Programs within Programs 168 Multifloor Projects 170 Evovling Design-- The Workplace and other Typologies 170 Future Expansion and Phased Construction 171 A Final Note 172 Appendix A: Furniture Library 173 Appendix B: Design Programs and Building Shells 175 Appendix C: Design Exercises 215 Appendix D: Stair Terminology 221 Appendix E: Stair Design Case Studies 223 Index 231.