About the Authors xi About the SFMA xiii Preface xv Part 1 Turfgrass Field Management 1 1 Turfgrasses 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Biology and Identification 4 1.3 Turfgrass Types 17 1.4 Turfgrass Selection 24 1.5 Using the Two-Map System to Select Turfgrass 27 1.6 Planting Times and Rates 30 1.7 Soil Preparation 33 1.
8 Planting Techniques 35 1.9 Establishment 41 1.10 Overseeding Warm-Season Fields 44 1.11 Expanding the Boundaries of Bermudagrass in the Transition Zone 51 Notes 53 2 Soils and Soil Science 55 2.1 Introduction 55 2.2 Soil as a Medium for Turfgrass 55 3 Fertility and Fertilizers 69 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Fertility Testing and Nutrient Requirements 69 3.
3 Nutrient Uptake 72 3.4 Soil Reaction 73 3.5 Fertilizer Analysis 75 3.6 Fertilizer Sources 76 3.7 Application Rates and Frequencies 80 3.8 Micronutrients 85 3.9 Biostimulants 86 4 Mowing 89 4.1 Introduction 89 4.
2 Types of Mowers 91 4.3 Turfgrass Response 94 4.4 Height and Frequency 94 4.5 Pattern 96 4.6 Clipping Removal 98 4.7 Equipment and Safety 98 4.8 Chemical Growth Regulators 98 5 Irrigation 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.
2 General Principles of Turfgrass Irrigation 104 5.3 Installed Irrigation Systems 104 5.4 Wireless Sensor Technology 118 5.5 The Use of Nonpotable Water for Sports Field Irrigation 119 5.6 Know Your Water Source 119 Notes 120 6 Drainage 121 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Surface Drainage 121 6.3 Internal Drainage 124 6.
4 Installed Drain Systems 127 6.5 Other Drain System Practices 137 7 Aeration and Topdressing 139 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Aerating for Optimal Turf Responses 140 7.3 Aeration Equipment 143 7.4 Topdressing 152 8 Thatch 157 8.1 Introduction 157 8.2 Definition of Thatch 157 8.
3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Thatch in Sports Fields 158 8.4 How Thatch Develops 160 8.5 Maintaining a Managed Thatch Layer 162 8.6 Reducing Excessive Thatch Buildup 163 9 Abiotic Turfgrass Stresses and Remedies 169 9.1 Introduction 169 9.2 Mechanical Stresses 169 9.3 Environmental Stresses 173 9.4 Summary 176 10 The Most Problematic Pests of Sports Fields 177 10.
1 Introduction 177 10.2 Weeds 178 10.3 Diseases 191 10.4 Insects 212 10.5 Choosing Pesticides 233 11 Wise Use of Chemicals 235 11.1 Introduction 235 11.2 The Label is the Law 235 11.3 Planning and Performing Applications 239 11.
4 Record Keeping 251 Notes 252 12 Organic Field Management 253 12.1 Introduction 253 12.2 Definitions and Principles of Organic Field Management 254 12.3 Principles and Concepts of Organic Field Management 254 12.4 Making an Adjustment to Organic Field Management 256 12.5 Timing and Site Conditions for Organic Field Management 256 12.6 Organic Field Management Inputs 257 12.7 Compost and Composting 272 12.
8 Compost Applications on Sports Fields 273 Part 2 Natural Grass Sports Fields 277 13 Baseball and Softball Fields 281 13.1 Introduction 281 13.2 Design 281 13.3 Construction 303 13.4 Renovation 309 13.5 Maintenance and Management Procedures 313 13.6 Rules and Regulations 317 14 Football and Rugby Fields 331 14.1 Introduction 331 14.
2 Design 332 14.3 Construction 341 14.4 Renovation 343 14.5 Maintenance and Management Procedures 346 14.6 Rules and Regulations 352 14.7 Rugby 354 14.8 Rugby Governing and Sanctioning Bodies 355 15 Soccer, Lacrosse, and Field Hockey Fields 363 15.1 Introduction 363 15.
2 Design 364 15.3 Construction 369 15.4 Renovation 370 15.5 Maintenance and Management Procedures 372 15.6 Rules and Regulations 375 16 Cricket Fields 385 16.1 Introduction 385 16.2 The Game 385 16.3 The Pitch 386 16.
4 The Outfield 395 16.5 Design 396 16.6 Rules and Regulations 403 Notes 405 Additional Reading 406 Part 3 Other Sports Surfaces 407 17 Tennis and Pickleball Courts 409 17.1 Introduction 409 17.2 Design 409 17.3 Construction 411 17.4 Renovation 412 17.5 Maintenance 413 17.
6 Rules and Regulations 414 17.7 Pickleball Courts 415 17.8 Pickleball Governing and Sanctioning Bodies 417 18 Track and Field Facilities 419 18.1 Introduction 419 18.2 Design 420 18.3 Track Construction 426 18.4 Track Renovation 427 18.5 Track Maintenance 428 18.
6 Rules and Regulations 428 19 Beach Volleyball Courts 431 19.1 Introduction 431 19.2 Beach Volleyball Court Design 431 19.3 Construction and Reconstruction 434 19.4 Renovation 435 19.5 Maintenance and Management Procedures 436 19.6 Rules and Regulations 436 20 Synthetic Turf 439 20.1 Introduction 439 20.
2 History of Synthetic Turf 440 20.3 Choosing the Right Manufacturer and Installer 441 20.4 Care and Maintenance 442 21 Hybrid Systems - Natural Plus Synthetic 453 21.1 Introduction 453 21.2 Evolution of Hybrid Turf 454 21.3 The New Generation Hybrid System 454 21.4 Other Uses for Hybrid Systems 458 21.5 Conclusion 458 Part 4 Ancillary Information 459 22 Surveying 461 22.
1 Introduction 461 22.2 Surveying Equipment 462 22.3 Establishing Elevations 465 22.4 Percent of Slope 468 23 Sand-Based Rootzones 469 23.1 Introduction 469 23.2 Considerations When Selecting a Sand-Based Rootzone 471 23.3 Sand-Based Rootzone Requirements 474 23.4 Maintenance 483 Notes 489 24 Weather Information 491 24.
1 Introduction 491 24.2 Weather Components 491 24.3 Benefits of Weather-Based Management 494 24.4 Collecting and Using Weather Data 495 24.5 Conclusion 501 25 Robotic Technology 503 25.1 Introduction 503 25.2 Robotic Mowers 503 25.3 Robotic Painters 509 25.
4 Conclusion 511 26 Innovations Designed to Promote Natural Grass Fields 513 26.1 Introduction 513 26.2 Lighting 513 26.3 Enhanced Turfgrass Performance 515 26.4 Instant Field Replacement 517 26.5 Wireless Technology, Remote Sensing, Predictive Models, and Artificial Intelligence 519 26.6 Conclusion 524 27 Paints and Covers 527 27.1 Introduction 527 27.
2 Paints 528 27.3 Covers 535 Notes 541 28 Safety 543 28.1 Introduction 543 28.2 Player Safety and Performance 543 28.3 Spectator Safety 544 28.4 Designing for Safety 546 28.5 Safety Concerns During Construction and Renovation 547 28.6 Maintaining A Safe Facility 547 29 SFMA - Promoting Safe Fields and Sound Management 551 29.
1 Introduction 551 29.2 Organization 552 29.3 Programs 553 29.4 Safe 559 29.5 So, Why SFMA? 560 Appendix 561 Glossary 573 Index 585.