Contents Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 The Escalating Threat of Heat Waves in a Warming World Chapter 3 Frameworks for Assessing Building Thermal Comfort: Rating Systems, Standards, and Metrics Chapter 4 Evaluating Building Thermal Resilience: Methods and Indicators Chapter 5 Comprehensive Assessment of Passive Strategies: Environmental, Energy, and Economic Perspectives Chapter 6 Impacts of Outdoor Temperatures on Indoor Environments Chapter 7 Active Strategies for Mitigating Heat Stress in Buildings Chapter 8 Passive Cooling as an Alternative to Mechanical Air Conditioning Systems: Theoretical Foundations Chapter 9 Practical Applications of Shading Solutions in Architecture Chapter 10 Thermal Mass in Architectural Design: Function, Climate, and Material Availability Chapter 11 Practical Applications of Ventilation Technologies in Vernacular Architecture Chapter 12 Integrated Passive Cooling Strategies in Vernacular Architecture Chapter 13 Research in Passive Cooling Technologies Chapter 14 Thermal Mass and Phase Change Materials Chapter 15 Integrated Passive Strategies Chapter 16 Research on Building Thermal Resilience Chapter 17 Innovative Building Solutions for Future Climate Chapter 18 Conclusion.