Ma Rainey's Traveling Blues is the fullest and most nuanced portrait to date of Gertrude "Ma" Rainey (1886-1939), once promoted as the "Mother of the Blues." Although Rainey's place in American music history is firmly established, much about her life has remained shrouded in uncertainty. This book presents a carefully reconstructed timeline of the verifiable facts of her triumphs and hardships and thoughtfully fills in the gaps with context drawn from the worlds she inhabited. Rainey emerges not just as a pioneering performer, but as an icon of Black creative power and artistic expression. Drawing on fresh archival discoveries, survivor interviews, early Black press coverage, and the careers of contemporaries like Ida Cox and Paramount Records producer J. Mayo Williams, Spottswood traces her path from the vaudeville circuit to her landmark recording sessions with Paramount and beyond. Combining meticulous historical research with a deep appreciation of Rainey's artistry, Spottswood corrects long-held errors and misconceptions and sheds new light on her life, career, and cultural impact. Aimed at scholars, musicians, and general readers alike, this book restores Rainey's voice to the historical record and ensures her story will resonate for generations to come.