Music has been examined from multiple perspectives: as a product of human history, for example, or a product of human culture. But there is also a long tradition, intensified in recent decades, of thinking about music as a product of the human mind. Whether considering composition, performance, listening, or appreciation, the constraints and capabilities of the human mind play a formative role. The field that has emerged around this approach is known as the psychology of music. It seeks to answer fundamental questions of broad and enduring interest-questions like "What is musicality?" and "How does music move us?" Written in a lively and accessible manner, this Very Short Introduction describes how the psychology of music confronts these questions. Rather than merely surveying scholarship in the field, this volume connects the science to larger humanistic questions about music that are of interest to practicing musicians, music therapists, musicologists, and the general public alike. For example: Why can one musical performance move an audience to tears, and another compel them to dance, clap, or snap along? Elisabeth Hellmuth Margulis not only acquaints the reader with the important findings and methodologies of the psychology of music, but also clearly and concisely situates these findings in respect to other intellectual traditions about music (such as musicology and ethnomusicology), and our broader society.