Part I. Older Child Adoption Now 1 Overview of Older Child Adoption and Disruption 3 2 The Value of Adoption and Disruption 23 3 A Social and Cognitive Model of Adjustment to Adoption 43 Part II. The Study 4 Disruption Research: Past and Present 69 5 Predicting Disruptions 39 6 Preplacement Assessment and Decision Making 103 7 Birth and Adoptive Parents 123 8 The Children: History, Behavior, and Attachment 129 9 Social Worker Characteristics and Services 145 10 Discriminating Disruptions from Intact Placements 155 Part III. Implications of the Study 11 The Path to Disruption 167 12 Practice Implications 185 13 Policy and Program Implications.