Preface v Chapter 1 Getting Started 1 1-1 Introduction 2 To Start a New Drawing 2 1-2 Tabs and Panels 5 1-3 The Command Line Box 7 1-4 Command Tools 8 1-5 Starting a New Drawing 9 1-6 Naming a Drawing 9 1-7 Drawing Units 12 1-8 Drawing Limits 15 1-9 Grid and Snap 18 1-10 Sample Problem SP1-1 20 1-11 Save and Save As 23 1-12 Open 25 1-13 Close 27 1-14 Exercise Problems 28 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of 2D Construction 31 2-1 Introduction 31 2-2 Line-Random Points 31 2-3 Erase 34 2-4 Line-Snap Points 35 2-5 Line-Dynamic Inputs 36 2-6 Construction Line 38 2-7 Circle 42 2-8 Circle Centerlines 45 2-9 Polyline 47 2-10 Spline 51 2-11 Ellipse 52 2-12 Rectangle 56 2-13 Polygon 57 2-14 Point 58 2-15 Text 59 2-16 Move 65 2-17 Copy 67 2-18 Offset 68 2-19 Mirror 69 2-20 Array 69 2-21 Rotate 72 2-22 Trim 73 2-23 Extend 74 2-24 Break 75 2-25 Chamfer 76 2-26 Fillet 77 2-27 Table 78 2-28 Exercise Problems 82 Chapter 3 Advanced Commands 93 3-1 Introduction 93 3-2 Osnap 93 3-3 Osnap-Endpoint 95 3-4 Osnap-Snap From 95 3-5 Osnap-Midpoint 97 3-6 Osnap-Intersection 97 3-7 Osnap-Apparent Intersection 98 3-8 Osnap-Center 99 3-9 Osnap-Quadrant 100 3-10 Osnap-Perpendicular 100 3-11 Osnap-Tangent 101 3-12 Osnap-Nearest 102 3-13 Sample Problem SP3-1 102 3-14 Sample Problem SP3-2 103 3-15 Grips 105 3-16 Grips-Extend 106 3-17 Grips-Move 107 3-18 Grips-Rotate 108 3-19 Grips-Scale 108 3-20 Grips-Mirror 109 3-21 Blocks 110 3-22 Working with Blocks 113 3-23 Wblock 117 3-24 Layers 120 3-25 Attributes 129 3-26 Title Blocks with Attributes 134 3-27 Edit Polyline 135 3-28 Edit Spline 136 3-29 Edit Text 138 3-30 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle-Method I 139 3-31 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle-Method II 140 3-32 Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs 141 3-33 Constructing a Parabola 142 3-34 Constructing a Hyperbola 143 3-35 Constructing a Spiral 144 3-36 Constructing a Helix 144 3-37 Designing by Using Shape Parameters 145 3-38 Exercise Problems 148 Chapter 4 Sketching 167 4-1 Introduction 167 4-2 Establishing Your Own Style 167 4-3 Graph Paper 168 4-4 Pencils 168 4-5 Lines 168 4-6 Proportions 170 4-7 Curves 171 4-8 Sample Problem SP4-1 172 4-9 Isometric Sketches 173 4-10 Sample Problem SP4-2 175 4-11 Oblique Sketches 176 4-12 Perspective Sketches 178 4-13 Working in Different Orientations 180 4-14 Exercise Problems 181 Chapter 5 Orthographic Views 195 5-1 Introduction 195 5-2 Three Views of an Object 196 5-3 Visualization 197 5-4 Hidden Lines 199 5-5 Hidden Line Conventions 199 5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines 200 5-7 Precedence of Lines 205 5-8 Slanted Surfaces 205 5-9 Projection Between Views 206 5-10 Sample Problem SP5-1 207 5-11 Compound Lines 209 5-12 Sample Problem SP5-2 209 5-13 Oblique Surfaces 211 5-14 Sample Problem SP5-3 213 5-15 Rounded Surfaces 214 5-16 Sample Problem SP5-4 216 5-17 Holes 217 5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces 218 5-19 Cylinders 222 5-20 Sample Problem SP5-5 223 5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces 224 5-22 Sample Problem SP5-6 224 5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders 226 5-24 Irregular Surfaces 227 5-25 Sample Problem SP5-7 228 5-26 Hole Callouts 228 5-27 Castings 231 5-28 Sample Problem SP5-8 233 5-29 Thin-Walled Objects 234 5-30 Sample Problem SP5-9 235 5-31 Intersections 236 5-32 Sample Problem SP5-10 237 5-33 Sample Problem SP5-11 239 5-34 Sample Problem SP5-12 239 5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part 242 5-36 Drawing Standards 243 5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections 245 5-38 Exercise Problems 247 Chapter 6 Sectional Views 281 6-1 Introduction 281 6-2 Cutting Plane Lines 283 6-3 Section Lines 286 6-4 Hatch 288 6-5 Sample Problem SP6-1 290 6-6 Styles of Section Lines 291 6-7 Sectional View Location 292 6-8 Holes in Sections 293 6-9 Gradients 293 6-10 Offset Sections 294 6-11 Multiple Sections 295 6-12 Aligned Sections 296 6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections 296 6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views 297 6-15 Removed Sectional Views 298 6-16 Breaks 299 6-17 Sectional Views of Castings 300 6-18 Exercise Problems 302 Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views 325 7-1 Introduction 325 7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views 326 7-3 Sample Problem SP7-1.