Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) was a Scottish writer and physician best known for creating Sherlock Holmes, the world-famous detective. Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he was inspired by Dr. Joseph Bell, the model for Holmes. While practicing as a doctor, he wrote fiction, achieving success with A Study in Scarlet (1887), Holmes's debut. Though Holmes became immensely popular, Doyle grew frustrated with the character, briefly killing him off in The Final Problem (1893) before reviving him due to public demand. Beyond Holmes, he wrote historical novels, science fiction(The Lost World), and war literature. He also campaigned for justice, helping overturn wrongful convictions. Later in life, Doyle became a devout spiritualist, believing in the supernatural after personal losses, including his son's death in World War I.

Despite controversy over these beliefs, he remained a celebrated writer until his death in 1930. His legacy endures through Sherlock Holmes, one of literature's most iconic characters.