ContentsPreface xiForeword by Gurmeet Singh xiiiForeword by R. Sivanesan xvForeword by S. Punnaivanam xviiC H A P T E R 1Wheel Alignment and Wheel Balancing 1Overview 1Vehicles and Wheels 1Causes of Tire Wear 2Wheel Alignment and Wheel Balancing 2C H A P T E R 2Wheel Balancing 5What is Wheel Balancing? 5Reasons for unbalance in wheels 7Single Plane Balancing 10Two Plane Balancing 12Wheel Balancing Machine--Description 13Wheel Balancing Machine--Installation 14Wheel Balancing--Procedure 14Wheel Balancing--HCVs 17Wheel Balancing--Two Wheelers 19Wheel Balancing--Important Points 19ContentsviiiC H A P T E R 3Wheel Alignment of Light Vehicles 21Light Vehicles--Definition 21Wheel Alignment Angles and Parameters 21Parameters Affecting Wheel Alignment 34Wheel Alignment Angles Measuring Technologyand Its Advancement 42Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Technology 433D Technology 463D Wheel Alignment Computer and Its Accessories 503D Wheel Aligner--Installation 563D Wheel Aligner--Calibration 593D Wheel Alignment Procedure 62C H A P T E R 4Wheel Alignment Correction Methods 69Wheel Alignment--Types of Axles 69Wheel Alignment--Correction Methods 72Cam Type Adjustment for Toe 74C H A P T E R 5Wheel Alignment of Heavy Vehicles and Trailers 79Heavy Commercial Vehicles--An overview 79Axle Configurations in HCVs 80Types of Axles in HCVs 81Wheel Alignment Parameters in HCVs 83HCV Aligner Description 88Infrastructure Required for HCV Alignment 89HCV Aligner--Field Calibration 91HCV Alignment--Procedure 92HCV Angle Corrections 96Contents ixChassis or Frame Alignment 103Trailer Alignment 106C H A P T E R 6Wheel Alignment--Points to Observe 107Wheel Alignment--Precautions 107Wheel Alignment--Troubleshooting 111When to Carry Out Wheel Alignment 112C H A P T E R 7Types of Tire Wears and the Causes 113Tire Wear in the Middle of the Tire 113Tire Wear in the Inner and Outer Edges 114Tapered Wear at the Outer Edge 114Tapered Wear at the Inner Edge 115Feathered Wear in the Inner Edge of the Tire 115Feathered Wear on the Outer Edge of the Tire 116Tapered Intermittent Wear on the Inner Side of the Tire 116Patch Type of Wear on the Tire Surface 117C H A P T E R 8Tire Safety 119Tire Pressure 119Tire Rotation 121Driver's Ability 124C H A P T E R 9Conclusion 127About the Author 129Index 131.