Table of Contents Preface 1 1. Victory Gardens 5 Crops and Cultivation 7; Garden Strategies 11; Soils and Fertilizers 13; Pests and Diseases 15; Seed Catalogues, Seed Saving and Cultivars 17; Spreading the Word 19; Urban Victories 21; Children's Gardens 24; The Harvest 30 2. Dig for Victory 32 Garden Plans 32; Allotment Gardening 35; Carrying On 36; Cultivars and Propagation 39; Ground Work 42; Extending the Season 44; Sheltering in the Garden 45; Women's Institutes, Children and Wartime Gardening 47; Schrebergarten 48 3. Vitamins and Food Preservation 51 Vitamin Knowledge 51; The Vitamin War 52; Keeping and Canning Food 56; The Hedgerow Harvest 62; Dehydration and Freezing 64 4. Botanical Diet and Cookery 66 Sugar 66; Coffee 69; Margarine 70; Rationing, Meals and Botanical Foods 71; Cooking for Victory 73; Legumes Replace Meat 77; Bread Strategies 80; Making Do 80; Feeding England 84; Something from Nothing 95; The German Home Front 99; Across Europe 105; The Japanese Home Front 107 5. Feeding the Military 110 Military Meals 110; Strategic Planning 112; Daily Bread 113; Field Cookery 115; Field Rations 117; Military Chocolate 119; Operational Rations 120; Caffeine 122; Supplying the Axis 123 6. Agriculture at War 129 Mobilizing Farms 129; Military Farms 131; Hybridization and Hybrid Vigor 133; Sugar Beets, Soybeans and Oil Crops 136; Plant Nutrients and Soil Fertility 140; Pests and Pesticides 142; Biological Warfare and the Wartime Food Supply 143; Harvesting Labor 145; Farming in England 147; The Land Army, Schools and Harvests 152; German Agriculture, Hereditary Farms and Plant Breeding 156; Farming in Japan 163 7. Medicinal Botany 166 Essential Drugs 166; Home Front Medicine 168; Battlefront Medicine 169; Malaria and Quinine 173; Scrub Typhus 178; Botanical Antibiotics 180; Penicillin 182; Agar 185; County Herb Committees 186; German Herbalism 191 8.

Fibers 196 Cotton 197; Bast Fibers 201; Milkweed 206; Silk 208; Manage, Make Do, Mend and Survive 209; Fungi and Fibers 211; Fiber Currency 213 9. Forestry, Timber and Wood 215 Forests and Timber 216; Wood Production 217; Military Forestry 219; Timber in England 220; Combat 223; Hedgerows 229; Construction, Boats, Airplanes and Plywood 233; Paper, Books and Balloons 240; Cork 247; Coal and Charcoal 248; Forestry, Forests and the Third Reich 251; The Homefront 253; History in Timber 255 10. Oils, Resins and Rubber 257 Botanical Oils and Resins 257; Latex, Rubber and Rationing 260; Rubber Plants 263; German Strategies 266; Military Rubber 267; Gas Masks 269; Barrage Balloons 271; Synthetic Rubber 273 11. Survival 275 Preparation 275; Deception and Camouflage 278; Survival Manuals 287; Deprivation, Starvation and Epigenetics 293; Subsistence Gardens 300; Regeneration 302 12. Botanical Gardens, Herbaria and Plant Science in Wartime 308 Practical Knowledge 308; Collections 310; Occupation 313; Field Botany 314; Germany and Native Plants 317; Homefront Horticulture 322; Rebirth 323 Chapter Notes 325 Bibliography 339 Index 351.