Preface List of Figures Prologue Ancient Egyptian Identity Marks in Theoretical and Comparative Perspective 1 Making Sense of Funny Signs 1.1 An Ancient Text from Berlin 1.2 Documentary Texts, Hieratic and Otherwise 1.3 The Research History of the Necropolis Workmen's Marks 1.4 A Quick Lesson in Hieroglyphs 1.5 Marks and Hieroglyphs 1.6 The Aim of the Present Book 2 Identity Marks, Egyptian and Other 2.1 A Unique Document 2.
2 Ancient Egyptian Pot Marks 2.3 Builders' Marks, from Teams to Individuals 2.4 Marking Systems Worldwide 2.5 Masons' Marks in Europe, Medieval and Later 2.6 The Morphology of Masons' Marks 2.7 Why Were Masons' Marks Applied? 2.8 Masons and Masters 2.9 Masons' Marks in Families and Workshops 2.
10 General Characteristics of Marking Systems 3 Writing and Other Sign Systems 3.1 Theories of the Sign 3.2 The Sign in Structuralism: Paradigm and Syntagma, Signifier and Signified 3.3 The Sign According to Peirce: Referentiality and Semiosis 3.4 Visual and Material Communication: To Write, or Not to Write? 3.5 Writing and Other Graphic Systems, Independently and Together 3.6 Literacy: Mastering Writing . and Much More The Deir el-Medina Marking System 4 The Setting: The Workmen of the Royal Tomb and Their Textual Legacy 4.
1 An Exceptional Village 4.2 The Early History of the Royal Necropolis and Its Workmen 4.3 Great Changes for Egypt and for the Royal Necropolis 4.4 Ramesside Necropolis Administration, and Administrators 4.5 The End of the Royal Necropolis 4.6 Hieratic Necropolis Records . by the Thousands 4.7 The Nature of the Documentary Texts 4.
8 Local Knowledge and Output, Textual and Visual 5 The Use of the Workmen's Marks: Historical Overview 5.1 The Earliest Marks of the Royal Necropolis Workmen 5.2 The Origin of the Marking System 5.3 A Break in the History of the Marking System? 5.4 Nineteenth-Dynasty Ostraca with Marks 5.5 Marks and Families 5.6 The Function of the Nineteenth-Dynasty Marks 5.7 The Twentieth-Dynasty Duty Rosters 5.
8 Other Types of Record from the Twentieth Dynasty 5.9 The Late Twentieth Dynasty 6 How the Men Came by Their Marks, and Vice Versa 6.1 Marks and Their Users 6.2 Long- and Short-Lived Marks: Pomegranate, Lotus and Jackal 6.3 Long-Lived Marks and Their Graphic Variety: The Families of Qaha and Sennedjem 6.4 Short-Lived Marks: Name, Reputation and Status 6.5 Mark, Family and Position 6.6 Morphology: Distinctive Forms versus Allomorphs 6.
7 Sign Categories and Fuzzy Borders 6.8 The Role of Writing and Literacy 6.9 Morphology and Semiosis: Anything Goes? 6.10 Historical and Functional Context: Graphic Communication and Literacy Epilogue: The Alphabet Bibliographical Essay References Timetable Index.