Preface Introduction Section 1: Early and Later Prehistory 1. Early prehistory of Africa Human evolution 2. Later prehistory: from hunting and gathering to farming and pastoralism Homo sapiens , the hunter-gatherer Further climate change, adaptation and the ancestry of African languages Crop cultivation, domestication and the origins of farming The origins of farming and pastoralism in tropical Africa 3. Ancient Egypt and Nubia Origins of Ancient Egypt Unification The Kingdoms Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush Section 2: Early Iron Age 4. The impact of iron in north east and north west Africa The spread and impact of early metalworking Origins and spread of ironworking The Iron Age Kingdom of Meroe The origins and rise of Aksum Iron Age north Africa and early trans-Saharan trade 5. The Early Iron Age in west Africa The Early Iron Age in west Africa The origins and early development of the Kingdom of Ghana Other early west African states and societies 6. The Early Iron Age in central, eastern and southern Africa Evidence for the spread of ironworking Origins of the Early Iron Age in sub-equatorial Africa The spread of the Early Iron Age The development and organisation of Early Iron Age society Section 3: Religion and Empire in Northern and Western Africa 7. North Africa to 1000 ce Northern Africa in the Graeco-Roman period Early Christianity in northern Africa The Arab invasions: the Nile valley and the Maghrib 8.

Trans-Saharan trade and the Kingdom of Ancient Ghana Trans-Saharan trade and the peoples of the desert The Kingdom of Ghana at the height of its power 9. Islam and the Sudanic states of west Africa The Almoravids The Muslim states of north Africa, 1100-1500 The Empire of Mali The decline of Mali The origins and rise of Songhay Section 4: Religion, Trade and Chieftaincy in Eastern, Central and Southern Africa 10. Eastern Africa to the sixteenth century The Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, 850-1550 Muslim penetration of Ethiopia and Somalia, 850-1550 Pastoralists and farmers of the east African interior 11. Later Iron Age states and societies of central and southern Africa to the sixteenth century State formation north of the Zambezi Cattle keeping and state formation south of the Zambezi The origins and character of the Great Zimbabwe tradition Cattle-keeping peoples south of the Limpopo 12. Trading towns of the east African coast to the sixteenth century The origins of east African coastal trading society The growth of Swahili trading towns The Portuguese on the east African coast, 1498-1600 Madagascar Section 5: West Africa in the Era of the Slave Trade 13. The Atlantic slave trade, sixteenth to eighteenth century Slavery in Africa before the Atlantic trade The origins of European maritime trade with west Africa The nature of the slave trade Profit from the slave trade: the European dimension 14. West African states and societies, to the eighteenth century The fall of the Songhay Empire The Sultanate of Borno-Kanem The Hausa city-states Wolof kingdoms of Senegambia Kingdoms of the forest: Ife and Benin Oyo and Dahomey, savannah states of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries The Kingdom of Asante Section 6: State Renewal and Formation in North, East, Central and Southern Africa 15. North and northeast Africa to the eighteenth century The ''Arabisation'' of northern Africa States of the Maghrib, sixteenth to eighteenth century From Fatimid to Mamluk: Egypt before the Ottoman conquest Egypt under Ottoman rule Nubia and the Funj Sultanate Oromo migrations and the kingdom of Ethiopia 16.

Central and eastern Africa to the eighteenth century The east African interior west of the Victoria Nyanza The east African interior east of the Victoria Nyanza Farmers, fishers and hunters of the Congo forest West-central Africa in the era of the slave trade Central African empires and the growth of trade 17. Southern Africa to the eighteenth century Southern Africa before 1650 The early Cape Colony: white settlement and Khoesan resistance, 1650-1770 States and societies of the southern African interior, 1600-1800 Section 7: The European intrusion: from slave trade to commerce, missionaries and ''Pan-Africanism'' 18. The ending of the Atlantic slave trade Abolition of the Atlantic slave trade West African commerce in the nineteenth century 19. Christian missions, new states and precolonial ''Pan-Africanism'' European Christian missionaries in precolonial Africa Sierra Leone and Liberia African Christians and precolonial ''Pan-Africanism'' Christian missions in southern Africa Missionaries as agents of imperialism Section 8: The nineteenth century before the European ''Scramble for Africa'' 20. West Africa in the nineteenth century Islamic jihads in the western Sudan 21. Central and east Africa in the nineteenth century Western-central Africa in the nineteenth century Kingdom of the flood plain Long-distance trade in eastern-central Africa Invasion from the south: the Ngoni The east African slave trade The trade in ivory and slaves in the interior of central Africa Madagascar: the rise of the Merina Kingdom 22. Preindustrial southern Africa in the nineteenth century State-building and conflict, early nineteenth century The British at the Cape The Boer trek and African resistance Southern Africa in 1870 23. North and north-east Africa in the nineteenth century The French in north Africa and Algerian resistance Egypt and Sudan The reunification of Ethiopia Section 9: The challenge of cultural and political imperialism, late nineteenth century 24.

Colonial conquest and African resistance in east, north-central and west Africa European ''explorers'': the mapping of Africa as a ''prelude'' to empire The ''Scramble for Africa'' Conquest and resistance 25. Industrialisation, colonial conquest and African resistance in south-central and southern Africa The southern African mineral revolution The British ''scramble'' for south-central Africa Wars of conquest and resistance in Mozambique Conquest and resistance in Namibia The South African War, 1899-1902 Section 10: The impact and nature of colonial rule, 1890-1945 26. Consolidation of empire: the early period of colonial rule Raw materials and markets Peasant producers, railways and white settlement in British east Africa Rebellion in the German colonies Missionaries, Christianity and early expressions of ''nationalism'' The First World War and Africa, 1914-18 27. Africa between the wars: the high tide of colonial rule The economic impact of colonial rule The nature and impact of colonial administration The spread of Islam in tropical west Africa Education: from precolonial tradition to colonial reality African nationalism and protest movements in the inter-war years Segregation, nationalism and protest in South Africa 28. The Second World War and Africa Fascism and the world at war Fascist aggression and the Second World War in north and northeast Africa The impact of the war on Africa and Africans Section 11: The overthrow of colonialism 29. The winning of independence (1) Colonial development strategies The winning of independence in British west Africa The winning of independence in French West and Equatorial Africa The struggle for independence in the Maghrib Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea and Somalia 30. The winning of independence (2) British east Africa Independence in Belgium-ruled central Africa Independence on the islands 31. The winning of independence (3) Federation and independence in British Central Africa The winning of independence in Portuguese-ruled Africa The struggle for freedom in southern Africa Section 12: Africa since Independence 32.

African responses to the colonial legacy The political legacy The economic legacy: underdevelopment and dependency The early drive for economic development The role of the military in African politics The socialist alternative 33. The challenges and dilemmas of development: debt and international aid Debt Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) The CFA franc zone Globalisation International aid African international cooperation.