List of Maps Acknowledgments Preface Time Line Introduction Sources: How We Know About the Ancient Greeks Retrieving the Past: The Material Record Retrieving the Past: The Written Record A Synopsis of Written Sources by Periods The Physical Context: The Land of Greece Chapter One Early Greece and the Bronze Age Greece in the Stone Ages Greece in the Early and Middle Bronze Ages (c. 3000-1600 BC) Greece and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1600-1100 BC) Chapter Two The "Dark Age" of Greece and the Eighth-Century "Renaissance" (c. 1100-700 BC) Decline and Recovery (c. 1100-900 BC) Revival (c. 900-750 BC) Homeric Society The End of the Dark Age Chapter Three Archaic Greece (c. 700-480 BC) The Formation of the City-State (Polis) Government in the Early City-States The Colonizing Movement Economic and Social Divisions in the Archaic Poleis Hesiod: A View from Below The Hoplite Army The Archaic Age Tyrants The Arts and Sciences Panhellenic Institutions Relations Among States Chapter Four Sparta The Dark Age and the Archaic Period The Spartan System Demography and the Spartan Economy Spartan Government The Peloponnesian League Historical Change in Sparta The Spartan Mirage Chapter Five The Growth of Athens and the Persian Wars Athens from the Bronze Age to the Early Archaic Age The Reforms of Solon Pisistratus and His Sons The Reforms of Cleisthenes The Rise of Persia The Wars Between Greece and Persia Chapter Six The Rivalries of the Greek City-States and the Growth of Athenian Democracy The Aftermath of the Persian Invasions and the Foundation of a New League New Developments in Athens and Sparta The "First" (Undeclared) Peloponnesian War (460-445 BC) Pericles and the Growth of Athenian Democracy Literature and Art Oikos and Polis The Greek Economy Chapter Seven Greek Life and Culture in the Fifth Century Greece After the Thirty Years'' Peace The Physical Space of the Polis: Athens in the Fifth Century Intellectual Life in Fifth-Century Greece Historical and Dramatic Literature of the Fifth Century Currents in Greek Thought and Education The Breakdown of the Peace Resources for War Chapter Eight The Peloponnesian War The Archidamian War (431-421 BC) The Rise of Comedy Between Peace and War The Invasion of Sicily (415-413 BC) The War in the Aegean and the Oligarchic Coup at Athens (413-411 BC) The Last Years of War (407-404 BC) Chapter Nine The Fourth Century: Changing Ideas, Continuing Warfare Oligarchy at Athens: The Thirty Tyrants The Trial of Socrates (399 BC) The Fourth Century: Changing Ideas, Continuing Warfare Law and Democracy in Athens The Fourth-Century Polis Philosophy and the Polis Chapter Ten Philip II and the Rise of Macedon Early Macedon Macedonian Society and Kingship The Reign of Philip II Philip''s Plans for Greece Chapter Eleven Alexander the Great Consolidating Power From Issus to Egypt: Conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean (332-331 BC) From Alexandria to Persepolis: The King of Asia (331-330 BC) The High Road to India: Alexander in Central Asia India and the End of the Dream Return to the West The Achievements of Alexander Chapter Twelve The New World of the Hellenistic Period The Struggle for the Succession The Regency of Perdiccas The Primacy of Antigonus the One-Eyed Birth Pangs of the New Order (301-276 BC) The Polis in the Hellenistic World The Macedonian Kingdoms Hellenistic Society Alexandria and Hellenistic Culture Social Relations in the Hellenistic World Epilogue Glossary Art and Illustration Credits Index.