This book examines how hegemony is validated, disputed, and embedded within modern international relations. It argues that the 21st century has broken from traditional patterns of hegemonic stability, showing instead asymmetrical interdependence, fragmented power, and competing claims to power and authority. By offering both Western and non-Western viewpoints, the book challenges the underlying principles and global consequences of dominance, particularly given the current instability of the liberal international order. This book provides a timely contribution to discussions concerning global power shifts amid a rapidly changing world. It will be invaluable to scholars and students of international relations, global politics, global order, defense and strategic studies, geopolitics, strategic rivalry, international cooperation, and political economy.