Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the Third Edition Introduction for Students: An Example of How to Analyze a Primary Source 1. The Descent of Ishtar 2. The Code of Hammurabi 3. The Enuma Elish 4. Hymn to Aton 5. First Book of Kings, 15-19 6. Book of Job 1-14, 21-24, 38-42 7. Homer, The Iliad 8.

Plutarch, Life of Solon 9. Plato, The Symposium 10. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 11. Plutarch, Life of Alexander the Great 12. Material Evidence Concerning the Greek World 12.1. Vase (detail) (Sixth Century BC) 12.2.

The "Priam Painter," Hydria (c. 520-510 BC) 12.3. Kylix (detail) (c. 520-510 BC) 12.4. Kylix (detail), Attica (c. 490-480 BC) 12.

5. Column Krater, Attica (c. 460 BC) 12.6. Funerary Vase (c. 440 BC) 12.7.1.

House on Slope of the Areopagus (Fifth Century BC): Probable Functions of Rooms 12.7.2. House on Slope of the Areopagus (Fifth Century BC): Areas Used by Women and by Men 12.8. Polycleitus, Doryphorus (c. 440-435 BC) 12.9.

Caryatid from the Erectheum, Athens (Roman copy; original late Fifth Century BC) 12.10. Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Cnidos (c. 350 BC) 12.11. Praxiteles, Hermes (c. 325 BC) 12.12.

Crouching Aphrodite (Hellenistic) 12.13. Gaul (with His Wife) Killing Himself (c. 230-220 BC) 12.14. The Pharaoh Sesostris I (?) (Egypt, Second Millennium BC) 12.15. Queen Arsinoë II (Egypt, c.

210 BC) 12.16. Queen Cleopatra (possibly Cleopatra VII) (Egypt, 200-30 BC) 12.17. Agesander, Athenodorus, and Polydorus of Rhodes, Lacoön and His Sons (c. 125 BC) 12.18. Market Woman (First Century BC) 13.

Vergil, The Aeneid 14. Augustus, The Deeds of the Divine Augustus 15. Pliny the Younger, Letters 15.1. To Junius Mauricus 15.2. To Acilius 15.3.

To Trajan 15.4. Trajan''s Reply 15.5. To Trajan 15.6. To Trajan 15.7.

Trajan''s Reply 15.8. To Trajan 15.9. Trajan''s Reply 16. Letter from Apion 17. Inscription from Mactar 18. Book of Matthew 3-9.

32 19. John, Book of Revelation 15-20 20. Perpetua and Others, The Martyrdom of Saint Perpetua 21. Diocletian''s Edict on Prices 22. Augustine, Confessions 23. Tacitus, De Germania 24. Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters 24.1.

To Donidius 24.2. To Bishop Lupus 24.3. To Magnus Felix 24.4. To Ecdicius 24.5.

To Arbogast 25. Benedict of Nursia, The Rule 26. Einhard, Life of Charlemagne 27. The Dooms of King Alfred 28. Gregory VII, Henry IV, and the German Bishops, Documents 28.1. Gregory VII, The Dictatus Papae 28.2.

Letter of Gregory VII to Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 28.3. Letter of Henry IV to Gregory VII 28.4. Letter of Bishops in Germany to Gregory VII 28.5. First Deposition and Banning of the Emperor Henry IV by Gregory VII 29. Speech of Urban II at the Council of Clermont: Two Accounts 29.

1. Account of Fulcher of Chartres 29.2. Account of Robert the Monk 30. Fulcher of Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana 31. Ibn al-Althir, The Complete History 32. Usamah Ibn-Munqidh, The Book of Contemplation 33. Two Letters from Crusaders 33.

1. Letter of Anselm of Ribemont to Manasses II, Archbishop of Reims 33.2. Letter from Stephen, Count of Blois, to Adele, His Wife 34. Letter of Prester John 35. Magna Carta 36. Documents from the County of Champagne 36.1.

Charter of the Count Thibaut III of Champagne 36.2. Charter of Simon, lord of Ch'teauvillain 36.3. Charter of Count Thibaut V to Renaud of Bar-le-Duc 36.4. Decree of King Philip IV ("the fair") of France 36.5.

Notice from agents of King Philip IV of France 36.6. Charter of Count Thibaut V 36.7. Count Henry of Champagne establishes of village 36.8. Announcement of Countess Blanche of Champagne and Count Thibaut IV of a tax on the Jews 36.9.

Countess Blanche of Castile''s announcement regarding women''s inheritance of castles 36.10. Statement of nobles of Champagne regarding royal taxation 37. Robert Grosseteste, Letter to Margaret de Quency, countess of Winchester, regarding Jews and Tithes 38. Court Rolls of the Abbots of Ramsey and Battle 38.1. Court Roll of the Abbot of Ramsey for the Manor of Elton 38.2.

Court Roll of the Abbot of Battle for the Manor of Brightwaltham 39. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles 40. Ralph of Shrewsbury, Letter 41. City Officials of Cologne, Letter 42. English Statute of 1363 on Food and Clothing 43. Petrarch, Letters of Familiar Intercourse 43.1. To His Friend Socrates 43.

2. To Tomasso da Messina 43.3. To Marcus Tullius Cicero 44. Christine de Pizan, The Book of the Body Politic 45. Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince 46. Desiderius Erasmus, Letters 46.1.

To Anne of Borselle 46.2. To Jacobus Battus 46.3. To Pope Leo X 46.4. To Lambertus Grunnius 46.5.

Lambertus Grunnius to Erasmus 46.6. To Cardinal Wolsey 46.7. To Henry Bullock 47. Martin Luther, Letters 47.1. To George Spalatin 47.

2. To Paul Speratus 47.3. To George Spalatin 47.4. To Wolfgang Reissenbusch 47.5. To George Spalatin 48.

Teresa of Avila, Spiritual Testimonies 48.1. No. 22. Eucharistic experience 48.2. No. 25.

The nature of union 48.3. No. 26. Do not renounce what awakens love 48.4. No. 31.

Spiritual Marriage 48.5. No. 32 The way of suffering and love 48.6. No. 47 The value of good works 48.7.

No. 64 Counsels for the Discalced Fathers 49. The Florentine Codex 50. Articles of the Catholic League 51. Michel de Montaigne, Essays 51.1. On Cannibals 51.2.

That It Is Folly to Measure Truth and Error by Our Own Capacity Sources Index of Topics.