List of Illustrations ix Introduction 1 PART I The Doctors? Times and Views 1 The Two ?Doctors? 7 2 Marradón and Colmenero: The Scientific and Social Contexts for Their Works 11 3 Audience and Aims of the Works 36 4 The Openings of the Treatises by Marradón and Colmenero 39 5 Authority, Argument, and Portrayal of the Other: Marradón?s Consideration of Tobacco, Chocolate, and Several Medicinal Spirits 44 6 Authority, Argument, and Portrayal of the Other: Colmenero?s Consideration of Chocolate 51 7 Scholarly Attention to Marradón and Colmenero 58 PART II The Two Works? Impact 8 Translations Beyond the Borders of Spain 65 9 Localization in England and Wadsworth?s Translation: Chocolate Marketing to the Many for Health and Pleasure 68 10 Localization in France and the Translations by Moreau and Dufour: Patriotic Pride, Medical Advice, and Botanical Information for Doctors and ?All Who Love Their Health? 77 11 Relocalization in England and Chamberlayne?s Translation: For ?All Good Men? to Understand the ?Excellent Vertues? of Foreign Drugs and ?to Admire and Bless? the Creator 96 12 Translation as a Project of Localization 102 13 Note About Style 107 PART III The Two Doctors? Works 14 Diálogo del uso del Tabaco, los daños y provechos que el tiempo y experiencia an descubierto de sus efectos, y del Chocolate, y otras bevidas, que en estos tiempos se usan 111 By Bartolomé Marradón 15 Dialogue on the Use of Tobacco, the Harms and Benefits That Time and Experience Have Discovered About Its Effects, and on Chocolate, and Other Beverages That Are Used in These Times 132 By Bartolomé Marradón 16 Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate, dividido en quatro puntos 155 By Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma 17 A Curious Treatise on the Nature and Quality of Chocolate, Divided into Four Points 169 By Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma Acknowledgments 185 Notes 187 Bibliography 207 Index 217.