Contents List of Figures xi Foreword xiii Acknowledgments xvii List of Abbreviations xix Editor''s Note xxi Introduction 1 Part 1. How Civil Rights Lawyers Emerged 7 1. Children of the South 9 The Making of a Lawyer 9 Fred Gray How I Became a Civil Rights Lawyer 17 Barbara Phillips From Gardendale, Alabama 27 Jack Drake Growing Up in Winnsboro, South Carolina 30 Laughlin McDonald Growing Up in Bama 34 Larry Menefee 2. Children of the North 37 Growing Up in the Shadow of the Holocaust 37 Armand Derfner Growing Up on the Gold Coast 42 John C. Brittain Race Consciousness 46 David Lipman Why Did I Go? 54 Mac Farmer Growing Up in Washington, D.C. 56 Kent Spriggs Part 2. The Context of Civil Rights Litigation 69 3.
Big Events 71 Selma Once More: The 1965 Selma March 71 Fred Gray The First Damages Judgment against the KKK 77 Larry Aschenbrenner The 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago: White Mississippi Delegation Barred 85 Larry Aschenbrenner and Armand Derfner Senator McClellan Seeks to Prove SNCC Is Communist 89 Reber Boult Miscegenation Comes to Mississippi 94 Armand Derfner The Full Court Press for Voting Rights in Alabama 96 Norman Siegel Mississippi Seeks to Ban the Civil Rights Lawyers 104 Larry Aschenbrenner 4. The Tenor of the Times 109 Mass Meetings, Demonstrations, and Boycotts 109 Larry Aschenbrenner Being Married to a Civil Rights Lawyer 120 Barbara Lipman From Civil Rights Worker to Civil Rights Lawyer 128 Jim Lewis C. B. King, Iconic Civil Rights Lawyer 135 Dennis Roberts Seeking Justice for a Blind Black Man in Front of Judge Cox 138 Bill Ferguson "Summer Vacation" in Mississippi 141 Kent Spriggs Get a Bullet in Your Car at the Law Library 147 Larry Aschenbrenner The Politics of Civil Rights Lawyering 148 Henry Aronson The Rev. C. K. Steele and Racism in Tallahassee 154 Kent Spriggs Mississippi Notes 160 Elliott C. Lichtman Opening Up the Closed Society 163 Armand Derfner 5.
Arrests of Lawyers (and Other "Minor Indignities") 167 Two Arrests While Practicing Law in Mississippi 167 John C. Brittain Doing a Little Time in Holly Springs 173 Armand Derfner Elements of Procedure I Missed at Harvard Law School 177 Mac Farmer Two Arrests, a Beating, and a Moment of Weakness 179 Kent Spriggs Arrested by Leander Perez Sr. 189 Richard Sobol Getting Punched by Sheriff Clark and Other Misadventures 196 Henry Aronson Get a Rifle Barrel in the Mouth for Monitoring an Election in Belzoni 200 David Lipman A Very Bad Morning in Rankin County 202 Constance Slaughter-Harvey 6. Modes of Law Practice 204 538½: The Legal Defense Fund Office in Mississippi 204 Fred Banks Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee in Louisiana 212 Richard Sobol Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee in Mississippi 221 Mac Farmer It Changed My Life: Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee in Mississippi 227 Armand Derfner The Formation of the Lawyers'' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law 232 Larry Aschenbrenner Private Practice in Alabama 234 Larry Menefee Nonprofit and Private Practice in Alabama 238 Jack Drake Part 3. Basic Legal Rights 247 7. Access to Justice 249 The Friendly Judicial Climate 249 Armand Derfner 8. Voting Rights and Political Representation 255 Voting Shenanigans in Madison Parish 255 Richard Sobol Civil Rights Lawyers Emerge into Politics 257 Fred Banks Voting Rights in Edgefield County 259 Laughlin McDonald Challenging At-Large Elections 266 Larry Menefee Mississippi Pushes Back against the Voting Rights Act 270 Larry Aschenbrenner Voting in Leflore County 272 David Lipman 9. Public Accommodations 275 Solomon Seay Seeks Public Accommodation 275 Solomon Seay Desegregating the Neshoba County Courthouse 280 Don Marmaduke Integrating the Fox Theater 281 Richard Tuttle Trying to Get Service at Bill''s Highway 80 24-Hour Truck Stop 291 Richard Sobol Integrating the Admiral Benbow Inn Swimming Pool 294 Larry Aschenbrenner Desegregating the Parliament House Hotel 296 Henry Aronson 10.
School Desegregation and Municipal Equalization 298 Ulysses S. Grant''s Legacy 298 John Maxey School Desegregation and Municipal Equalization 303 David Lipman The Legal Defense Fund''s Massive Effort 312 Fred Banks Desegregating Schools in Northern Mississippi 319 Kent Spriggs 11. Employment Discrimination 324 Crown Zellerbach Becomes the Standard 324 Richard Sobol The Perfectly Segregated Plant in the Perfectly Segregated Town 330 Kent Spriggs Monsanto: Fair Employment Comes to a Megaplant 339 Kent Spriggs Part 4. How the Civil Rights Movement and Litigation Advanced Other Movements for Social Justice 345 12. Constitutional Race-Based Litigation and the Friendly Judicial Climate Lead to Other Areas of Constitutional Litigation 347 The Constitution Comes to the State Residential Hospitals 347 Jack Drake The Rule of Law Comes to Infamous Parchman Prison 352 David Lipman 13. How the Civil Rights Movement and Litigation Informed Other Movements for Social Justice 357 The Legacy of Other Social Justice Movements 357 Barbara Phillips Civil Rights in Mississippi Informs LGBT Concerns 362 Mac Farmer 14. Framing the Contemporary Dialogue of Race 366 The Trojan Horse Called "Diversity" 366 Barbara Phillips White Supremacy Lives 374 Larry Menefee Conclusion 381 About the Editor 385 List of Contributors 387 Index 389.